Transport Phenomena: An Introduction to Advanced Topics

Transport phenomena are pervasive and crucial to the understanding of processes in all engineering disciplines as well as in the physical and biological sciences. This book emphasizes a pedagogical approach in which physical understanding and problem–solving capability are developed simultaneously. It covers (including an introduction to) both numerical and analytical tools and explains their application and use in the study of transport phenomena, and contains unique problems from every field in science and engineering (including environmental “green” systems)—often accompanied by descriptive narratives placing the problem in context for the student.

Spis treści:
1. Introduction and Some Useful Review.
A Message for the Student.
Differential Equations.
Classification of Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Conditions.
Numerical Solutions for Partial Differential Equations.
Vectors, Tensors, and the Equation of Motion.
The Men for Whom the Navier–Stokes Equations are Named.
Sir Isaac Newton.
References.
2. Inviscid Flow: Simplified Fluid Motion.
Introduction.
Two–Dimensional Potential Flow.
Numerical Solution of Potential Flow Problems.
Circulation and the Kutta–Joukowski theorem.
Conclusion.
References.
3. Laminar Flows in Ducts and Enclosures.
Introduction.
Hagen–Poiseuille Flow.
Transient Hagen–Poiseuille Flow.
Poiseuille Flow in an Annulus.
Ducts with Other Cross–Sections.
Combined Couette and Poiseuille Flows.
Couette Flows in Enclosures.
Generalized Two–Dimensional Fluid Motion in Ducts.
Some Concerns in Computational Fluid Mechanics.
Flow in the Entrance of Ducts.
Creeping Fluid Motions in Ducts and Cavities.
Microfluidics: Flow in Very Small Channels.
Flows in Open Channels.
Pulsatile Flows in Cylindrical Ducts.
Conclusion.
References.4. External Laminar Flows and Boundary–Layer Theory.
Introduction.
The Flat Plate.
Flow Separation Phenomena about Bluff Bodies.
Boundary Layer on a Wedge: the Falkner–Skan Problem.
The Free Jet.
Integral Momentum Equations.
Hiemenz Stagnation Flow.
Flow in the Wake of a Flat Plate at Zero Incidence.
Conclusion.
References.
5. Instability, Transition, and Turbulence.
Introduction.
Linearized Hydrodynamic Stability Theory.
Inviscid Stability, the Rayleigh Equation.
Stability of Flow between Concentric Cylinders.
Transition.
Transitiom in Hagen–Poiseuille flow.
Transition for the Blasius case.
Turbulence and Elementary Closure Schemes.
Higher order closure schemes.
Variations.
Introduction to the Statistical Theory of Turbulence.
Conclusion.
References.
6. Heat Transfer by Conduction.
Introduction.
Steady–State Conduction Problems in Rectangular Coordinates.
Transient Conduction Problems in Rectangular Coordinates.
Steady–State Conduction Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates.
Transient Conduction Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates.
Steady–State Conduction Problems in Spherical Coordinates.
Transient Conduction Problems in Spherical Coordinates.
Kelvin’s Estimate of the Age of the Earth.
Some Specialized Topics in Conduction.
Conduction in extended surface heat transfer.
Anisotropic materials.
Composite spheres.
Conclusion.
References.
7. Heat Transfer with Laminar Fluid Motion.
Introduction.
Problems in Rectangular Coordinates.
Couette flow with thermal energy production.
Viscous heating with temperature–dependent viscosity.
The thermal entrance region in rectangular coordinates.
Heat transfer to fluid moving past a flat plate.
Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates.
Thermal entrance length in a tube: the Graetz problem.
Natural Convection: Buoyancy –Induced Fluid Motion.
Vertical heated plate: the Pohlhausen problem.
The heated, horizontal cylinder.
Natural convection in enclosures.
Two–dimensional Rayleigh–Benard problem.
Conclusion.
References.
8. Diffusional Mass Transfer.
Introduction.
Unsteady Evaporation of Volatile Liquids: the Arnold Problem.
Diffusion in Rectangular Geometries.
Diffusion into quiescent liquids: absorption.
Absorption with chemical reaction.
Concentration–dependent diffusivity.
Diffusion through a membrane.
Diffusion through a membrane with variable D.
Diffusion in Cylindrical Systems.
The isothermal, cylindrical catalyst pellet.
Diffusion in squat (small L/d) cylinders.
Diffusion through membrane with edge effects.
Diffusion in Spherical Systems.
The spherical catalyst pellet with exothermic reaction.
Sorption into a sphere from a solution of limited volume.
Some Specialized Topics in Diffusion.
Diffusion with moving boundaries.
Diffusion with impermeable obstructions.
Diffusion in biological systems.
Conclusion.
References.
9. Mass Transfer in Well–Characterized Flows.
Introduction.
Convective Mass Transfer in Rectangular Coordinates.
Thin film on a vertical wall.
Convective transport with reaction at wal.
Mass transfer between a flowing fluid and a flat plate.
Mass Transfer with Laminar Flow in Cylindrical Systems.
Fully developed flow in a tube.
Variations for mass transfer in a cylindrical tube.
Mass transfer in an annulus with laminar flow.
Homogeneous reaction in fully–developed laminar flow.
Mass Transfer between a Sphere and a Moving Fluid.
Some Specialized Topics in Convective Mass Transfer.
Using oscillatory flows in enhance interphase transport.
Chemical vapor deposition in horizontal reactors.
Dispersion effects in chemical reactors.
Transient operation of a tubular reactor.
Conclusion.< br>References.
10. Heat and Mass Transfer in Turbulence.
Introduction.
Solution through Analogy.
Elementary Closure Processes.
Scalar Transport with Two–Equation Models of Turbulence.
Turbulent Flows with Chemical Reactions.
Simple closure schemes.
An Introduction to pdf Modeling.
The Fokker–Planck equation and pdf modeling of reactive flows.
Transported pdf modeling.
The Lagrangian View of Turbulent Transport.
Conclusion.
References.
11. Topics in Multiphase and Multicomponent Systems.
Gas–Liquid Systems.
Gas bubbles in liquids.
Bubble formation at orifices.
Bubble oscillations and mass transfer.
Liquid–Liquid Systems.
Droplet breakage.
Particle–Fluid Systems.
Introduction to coagulation.
Collision mechanisms.
Self–preserving size distributions.
Dynamic behavior of the particle size distribution.
Other aspects of PSD modeling.
A highly simplified example.
Multicomponent Diffusion in Gases.
The Stefan–Maxwell equations.
Conclusion.
References.
Problems to Accompany A Second Course in Transport Phenomena.
Appendix A Finite Difference Approximations for Derivatives.
Appendix B Bessel’s Equation and Bessel Functions.
Appendix C Solving Laplace and Poisson (Elliptic) Partial Differential Equations.
Appendix D Solving Elementary Parabolic Partial Differential Equations.
Appendix E Error Function.
Appendix F Gamma Function.
Appendix G Regular Perturbation.
Appendix H Solution of Differential Equations by Collocation.