Glasses and the Glass Transition

Written by renowned researchers in this field, this up–to date advanced treatise fills a gap in the literature on glasses. It gives an overview of basic experimental data, of its collection, prediction and theoretical interpretation, thereby paving the way to a deeper understanding of these topics. The present monograph covers the whole spectrum of problems involved in the interpretation of glasses and their properties like e.g. glass transition, relaxation, viscosity, existing and possible unexpected future applications of glasses. The book is recommended to students, to both young and experienced researchers interested in materials science, in particular in glasses and glass–ceramics, classical and non–equilibrium thermodynamics. It will become a source of new ideas and inspiration for a wide circle of readers working in other areas of science.
From the contents:  Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: An OverviewGeneric Theory of Vitrification of GlassForming MeltsGeneric Approach to the Viscosity of Glass–Forming MeltsThermodynamics of Amorphous Solids, Glasses, and Disordered CrystalsPrinciples and Methods of Collection and Analysis of Glass Property DataMethods of Prediction of Glass Properties from Chemical CompositionsGlasses as Accumulators of Free Energy and other Unusual Applications of GlassesGlasses and the Third Law of ThermodynamicsEtymology of the Word "Glass"

Spis treści:
Foreword.
Preface.
Contributors.
1 Introduction (Jürn W. P. Schmelzer and Ivan S. Gutzow).
2 Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: an Overview (Ivan S. Gutzow and Jürn W. P. Schmelzer).
2.1 Glasses: First Attempts at a Classification.
2.2 Basic Thermodynamics.
2.3 Crystallization, Glass Transition and Devitrification of Glass –Forming Melts: an Overview of Experimental Results.
2.4 The Viscosity of Glass–Forming Melts.
2.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Glass–Forming Melts and Glasses: Overview on Experimental Results.
2.6 Thermodynamic Nature of the Glassy State.
2.7 Concluding Remarks.
3 Generic Theory of Vitrification of Glass–Forming Melts (Jürn W. P. Schmelzer and Ivan S. Gutzow).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Basic Ideas and Equations of the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and Application to Vitrification and Devitrification Processes.
3.3 Properties of Glass–Forming Melts: Basic Model Assumptions..
3.4 Kinetics of Nonisothermal Relaxation as a Model of the Glass Transition: Change of the Thermodynamic Functions in Cyclic Cooling–Heating Processes.
3.5 The Prigogine–Defay Ratio.
3.6 Fictive (Internal) Pressure and Fictive Temperature as Structural Order Parameters.
3.7 On the Behavior of the Viscosity and Relaxation Time at Glass Transition.
3.8 On the Intensity of Thermal Fluctuations in Cooling and Heating of Glass–Forming Systems.
3.9 Results and Discussion.
4 Generic Approach to the Viscosity and the Relaxation Behavior of Glass–Forming Melts (Jürn W. P. Schmelzer).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Pressure Dependence of the Viscosity.
4.3 Relaxation Laws and Structural Order Parameter Approach.
5 Thermodynamics of Amorphous Solids, Glasses, and Disordered Crystals (Ivan S. Gutzow, Boris P. Petroff, Snejana V. Todorova, and Jürn W. P. Schmelzer).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Experimental Evidence on Specific Heats and Change of Caloric Properties in Glasses and in Disordered Solids: Simon’s Approximations.
5.3 Consequences of Simon’s Classical Approximation: the ΔG( T) Course.
5.4 Change of Kinetic Properties at Tg and the Course of the Vitrification Kinetics.
5.5 The Frenkel–Kobeko Postulate in Terms of the Generic Phenomenological Approach and the Derivation of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Invariants.
5.6 Glass Transitions in Liquid Crystals and Frozen–in Orientational Modes in Crystals.
5.7 Spectroscopic Determination of Zero–Point Entropies in Molecular Disordered Crystals.
5.8 Entropy of Mixing in Disordered Crystals, in Spin Glasses and in Simple Oxide Glasses.
5.9 Generalized Experimental Evidence on the Caloric Properties of Typical Glass–Forming Systems.
5.10 General Conclusions.
6 Principles and Methods of Collection of Glass Property Data and Analysis of Data Reliability (Oleg V. Mazurin).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Principles of Data Collection and Presentation.
6.3 Analysis of Existing Data.
6.4 About the Reliability of the Authors of Publications.
6.5 General Conclusion.
7 Methods of Prediction of Glass Properties from Chemical Compositions (Alexander I. Priven).
7.1 Introduction: 120 Years in Search of a Silver Bullet.
7.2 Principle of Additivity of Glass Properties.
7.3 First Attempts of Simulation of Nonlinear Effects.
7.4 Structural and Chemical Approaches.
7.5 Simulation of Viscosity of Oxide Glass–Forming Melts in the Twentieth Century.
7.6 Simulation of Concentration Dependencies of Glass and Melt Properties at the Beginning of the Twenty–First Century.
7.7 Simulation of Concentration Dependencies of Glass Properties in Nonoxide Systems.
7.8 Summary: Which Models Were Successful in the Past?.
7.9 Instead of a Conclusion: How to Catch a Bluebird.
8 Glasses as Accumulators of Free Energy and Other Unusua l Applications of Glasses (Ivan S. Gutzow and Snejana V. Todorova).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Ways to Describe the Glass Transition, the Properties of Glasses and of Defect Crystals: a Recapitulation.
8.3 Simon’s Approximation, the Thermodynamic Structural Factor, the Kinetic Fragility of Liquids and the Thermodynamic Properties of Defect Crystals.
8.4 The Energy, Accumulated in Glasses and Defect Crystals: Simple Geometric Estimates of Frozen–in Entropy and Enthalpy.
8.5 Three Direct Ways to Liberate the Energy, Frozen–in in Glasses: Crystallization, Dissolution and Chemical Reactions.
8.6 The Fourth Possibility to Release the Energy of Glass: the Glass/Crystal Galvanic Cell.
8.7 Thermoelectric Driving Force at Metallic Glass/Crystal Contacts: the Seebeck and the Peltier Effects.
8.8 Unusual Methods of Formation of Glasses in Nature and Their Technical Significance.
8.9 Some Conclusions and a Discussion of Results and Possibilities.
9 Glasses and the Third Law of Thermodynamics (Ivan S. Gutzow and Jürn W. P. Schmelzer).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 A Brief Historical Recollection.
9.3 The Classical Thermodynamic Approach.
9.4 Nonequilibrium States and Classical Thermodynamic Treatment.
9.5 Zero–Point Entropy of Glasses and Defect Crystals: Calculations and Structural Dependence.
9.6 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Invariants of the Glass Transition.
9.7 Experimental Verification of the Existence of Frozen–in Entropies.
9.8 Principle of Thermodynamic Correspondence and Zero–Point Entropy Calculations.
9.9 A Recapitulation: the Third Principle of Thermodynamics in Nonequilibrium States.
10 On the Etymology of the Word "Glass" in European Languages and Some Final Remarks (Ivan S. Gutzow).
10.1 Introductory Remarks.
10.2 "Sirsu", "Shvistras", "Hyalos","Vitrum", "Glaes", "Staklo", "Cam".
10.3 "Vitreous", "Glassy" and "Glasartig", "Vitro–crystalline".
10.4 Glasses in Byzantium, in Western Europe, in Venice, in the Balkans and Several Other Issues.
10.5 Concluding Remarks.
References.
Index.

Nota biograficzna:
Jürn W. P. Schmelzer studied theoretical physics at the Universities of Odessa (Ukraine) and Rostock (Germany). He taught this discipline for many years at the Universities of Rostock and Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). Since 1995, he has been working simultaneously at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna near Moscow, organizing there since 1997 international research workshops on the theory of phase transitions and possible applications, in particular to materials science. In 2009, Dr. Schmelzer was awarded the Marin Drinov Medal of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences for his longstanding cooperation with Bulgarian scientists, the present book being one of the results of this fruitful work.
Ivan S. Gutzow has been working at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, since his graduation. In 1998, he founded there and headed till 2004 the Department of Amorphous Materials. He has been a Full Member of BAS since 2003. Simultaneously, he worked as a lecturer at universities in Bulgaria, Germany, the USA, and Brazil. Professor Gutzow’s scientific interests focus on structure, thermodynamics and crystallization of glass–forming systems. He described nucleation in glasses as a non–stationary process, developed methods of nucleation catalysis and synthesis of glass–ceramics, and formulated glass transition models, based on thermodynamics of irreversible processes. In 2002, Professor Gutzow was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize (Germany).

Okładka tylna:
Written by renowned researchers in this field, this up–to date advanced treatise fills a gap in the literature on glasses. It gives an overview of basic experimental data, of its collection, prediction and theoretical interpretation, thereby paving the way to a deeper understanding of these topics. The present monograph covers the whole spectrum of problems involved in the interpretation of glasses and their properties like e.g. glass transition, relaxation, viscosity, existing and possible unexpected future applications of glasses. The book is recommended to students, to both young and experienced researchers interested in materials science, in particular in glasses and glass–ceramics, classical and non–equilibrium thermodynamics. It will become a source of new ideas and inspiration for a wide circle of readers working in other areas of science.
From the contents:  Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: An OverviewGeneric Theory of Vitrification of GlassForming MeltsGeneric Approach to the Viscosity of Glass–Forming MeltsThermodynamics of Amorphous Solids, Glasses, and Disordered CrystalsPrinciples and Methods of Collection and Analysis of Glass Property DataMethods of Prediction of Glass Properties from Chemical CompositionsGlasses as Accumulators of Free Energy and other Unusual Applications of GlassesGlasses and the Third Law of ThermodynamicsEtymology of the Word "Glass"