Ullmanns Renewable Resources

Dwindling oil resources and the need to limit global carbon dioxide emissions are two of the main drivers for the accelerating transition from fossil to biological raw materials in the chemical industry. Bio–based materials such as sugars, oils and wood products are increasingly replacing oil– and coal–derived chemicals as the primary raw materials for the synthesis of polymers, fibers, pharmaceuticals and other chemical products. A compilation of the most relevant articles from the "ULLMANN′s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", this handbook contains a wealth of information on biological raw materials for use in chemical industry, with information on availability, processes and products. Industrial uses for various bio–based bulk chemicals are surveyed, including fats and oils, sugars, wood products, chitin and gelatin.

Symbols and Units IX Conversion Factors  XI Abbreviations XII Country Codes  XVII Periodic Table of Elements  XVIII Raw Materials and Energy  1 Biorefineries – Industrial Processes and Products  29 Carbohydrates: Occurrence, Structures and Chemistry  59 Carbohydrates as Organic Raw Materials 89 Cellulose  123 Cellulose Esters  177 Cellulose Ethers  225 Chitin and Chitosan  243 Cork 255 Drying Oils and Related Products 275 Fats and Fatty Oils 291 Gelatin 363 Lignin 379 Pulp  395 Polysaccharides 459 Starch  517 Wood 547 Author Index  601 Subject Index 603

ULLMANN′S Encyclopedia is the world′s largest reference in applied chemistry, industrial chemistry, and chemical engineering. In its current edition, the Encyclopedia contains more than 30,000 pages, 15,000 tables, 25,000 figures, and innumerable literature sources and cross–references, offering a wealth of comprehensive and well–structured information on all facets of industrial chemistry. First published in 1914 by Professor Fritz Ullmann in Berlin, the Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie (as the German title read) quickly became the standard reference work in industrial chemistry. Generations of chemists have since relied on ULLMANN′S as their prime reference source. Three further German editions followed in 1928–1932, 1951–1970, and in 1972–1984. From 1985 to 1996, the 5th edition of ULLMANN′S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry was the first edition to be published in English rather than German language. So far, two more complete English editions have been published; the 6th edition of 40 volumes in 2002, and the 7th edition in 2011, again comprising 40 volumes. In addition, a number of smaller topic–oriented editions have been published.