Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Integration of Adsorption and Biological Treatment

This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations.
After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot– and full–scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment.
A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.

Spis treści:
Preface xvii
List of Abbreviations xxi
Acknowledgement xxvii
1 Water and Wastewater Treatment: Historical Perspective of Activated Carbon Adsorption and its Integration with Biological Processes 1
Ferhan C– ec–en
1.1 Historical Appraisal of Activated Carbon 1
1.2 General Use of Activated Carbon 3
1.3 Application of Activated Carbon in Environmental Pollution 4
2 Fundamentals of Adsorption onto Activated Carbon in Water and Wastewater Treatment 13
Özgür Aktas– and Ferhan C– ec–en
2.1 Activated Carbon 13
2.2 Adsorption 16
2.3 Activated Carbon Reactors in Water and Wastewater Treatment 30
2.4 Activated Carbon Regeneration and Reactivation 37
3 Integration of Activated Carbon Adsorption and Biological Processes in Wastewater Treatment 43
Ferhan C– ec–en and Özgür Aktas–
3.1 Secondary and Tertiary Treatment: Progression from Separate Biological Removal and Adsorption to Integrated Systems 43
3.2 Fundamental Mechanisms in Integrated Adsorption and Biological Removal 47
3.3 Integration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) into Biological Wastewater Treatment 59
3.4 Integration of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) into Biological Wastewater Treatment 69
3.5 Biomembrane Operation Assisted by PAC and GAC 74
3.6 Observed Benefits of Integrated Systems 76
3.7 Regeneration of PACT and BAC Sludges 86
4 Effect of Activated Carbon on Biological Treatment of Specific Pollutants and Wastewaters: Laboratory– and Pilot–Scale Studies 95
Özgür Aktas– and Ferhan C– ec–en
4.1 Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters 95
4.2 Removal of Specific Chemicals 104
4.3 Landfill Leachate Treatment 113
5 Combination of Activated Carbon with Biological Wastewater Treatment at Full Scale 127
Özgür Aktas– and Ferhan C– ec–en
5.1 Full–Scale PACT Systems 127
5.2 Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filtration at Full Scale 140
6 Modeling the Integration of Adsorption with Biological Processes in Wastewater Treatment 145
Ferhan C– ec–en
6.1 Modeling of GAC Adsorbers with Biological Activity 145
6.2 Modeling of the PACT Process 178
7 Bioregeneration of Activated Carbon in Biological Treatment 189
Özgür Aktas– and Ferhan C– ec–en
7.1 Mechanisms of Bioregeneration 189
7.2 Offline Bioregeneration 194
7.3 Concurrent (Simultaneous) Bioregeneration in PACT and BAC Systems 195
7.4 Dependence of Bioregeneration on the Reversibility of Adsorption 195
7.5 Other Factors Affecting Bioregeneration 198
7.6 Determination of Bi oregeneration 209
7.7 Bioregeneration in Anaerobic/Anoxic Systems 216
7.8 Models Involving Bioregeneration of Activated Carbon 217
8 Combination of Activated Carbon Adsorption and Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment 237
Ferhan C– ec–en
8.1 Introduction 237
8.2 Rationale for Introduction of Biological Processes in Water Treatment 238
8.3 Significance of Organic Matter in Water Treatment 238
8.4 Removal of NOM in Conventional Water Treatment 244
8.5 Use of Activated Carbon in Water Treatment 246
8.6 Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filtration 247
8.7 Adsorption and Biodegradation Characteristics of Water 250
9 Removal of NOM, Nutrients, and Micropollutants in BAC Filtration 265
Ferhan C– ec–en
9.1 Removal of Organic Matter 265
9.2 Factors Affecting the Performance of BAC Filtration 273
9.3 Performance of BAC Filters: Organics Removal 277
9.4 Performance of BAC Filters: Nutrient Removal 285
9.5 Removal of Micropollutants from Drinking Water in BAC Systems 288
9.6 Removal of Ionic Pollutants in BAC Filtration 298
9.7 Integration of PAC and GAC into Biological Membrane Operations 302
9.8 Integration of GAC into Groundwater Bioremediation 303
9.9 Biomass Characteristics in BAC Filtration 304
10 BAC Filtration Examples in Full–Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plants 319
Ferhan C– ec–en
10.1 Limits for BDOC and AOC as Indicators of Re–growth Potential in Water Distribution 319
10.2 BAC Filtration Experiences in Full–Scale Surface Water Treatment 320
10.3 New Approaches in the Evaluation of Ozonation and BAC Filtration 327
10.4 BAC Filtration Experiences in Full–Scale Groundwater Treatment 327
11 Review of BAC Filtration Modeling in Drinking Water Treatment 331
Ferhan C– ec–en
11.1 Substrate Removal and Biofilm Format ion 331
11.2 Modeling of BAC Filtration 333
12 Concluding Remarks and Future Outlook 353
Ferhan C– ec–en and Özgür Aktas–
12.1 Overview of Applications in Wastewater and Water Treatment: PACT and BAC Systems 353
12.2 Further Research on Removal Mechanisms and Micropollutant Elimination 355
12.3 Further Research on Regeneration of Activated Carbon 360
Index 365

Nota biograficzna:
Ferhan Cecen was born in 1961. She is a professor at the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University in Istanbul. She received the B.Sc. Degree in Chemical Engineering from the Bogazici University, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Environmental Engineering from the Technical University in Istanbul. She has authored many publications on environmental biotechnology with a special emphasis on biofilm and activated sludge systems, nitrification, denitrification, leachate treatment, treatment of industrial wastewaters by a combination of activated sludge with adsorption processes. In the last 10 years, her studies focused on adsorption, biological removal and effects of specific pollutants such as heavy metals and organochlorines.
Ozgur Aktas is currently a researcher at the Environment Institute of TUBITAK Marmara Research Center. Previously he was a research assistant at the Institute of Environmental Sciences in Bogazici University. He received his B.Sc. Degree in Chemical Engineering and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Environmental Technology from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University in Istanbul. His research focuses on activated carbon adsorption in biological processes and bioregeneration of activated carbon in these combined systems.

Okładka tylna:
This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations.
After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot– and full–scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment.
A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.