Supramolecular Catalysis

In the past few years, supramolecular chemistry has led to new approaches in homogeneous catalysis. While host–guest chemistry had already found applications in catalysis as a result of the pioneering work carried out by Professor Ronald Breslow and Nobel prizewinner Professor Jean–Marie Lehn that began some 40 years ago, the construction of catalysts by supramolecular forces has only recently become a powerful tool. This development paves the way for large numbers of new potential catalysts that can be varied in an expedient way by changing the constituting building blocks.
Written by some of the leading contributors in the field, this book is intended for both industrial and academic chemists with an interest in this area of catalysis. With its discussion of topics from ligand libraries to chirality–directed self–assembly, this is a must–have for chemists with organic, catalytic and polymer backgrounds, as well as those employing such compounds in industrial processes.

Spis treści:
Preface.
List of Authors.
1 Introduction to Supramolecular Catalysis (Pablo Ballester and Anton Vidal–Ferran).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Design Approaches to Supramolecular Catalysis.
1.3 Artificial Biomacromolecules for Asymmetric Catalysis.
1.4 Summary and Outlook.
2 Supramolecular Construction of Chelating Bidentate Ligand Libraries through Hydrogen Bonding: Concept and Applications in Homogeneous Metal Complex Catalysis (Bernhard Breit).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Emulation of Chelation through Self–Assembly of Monodentate Ligands.
2.3 Tautomeric Self–Complementary Interligand Hydrogen Bonding.
2.4 A–T Base Pair Analogous Complementary Hydrogen Bonding for the Construction of Heterodimeric Self–Assembling Ligands.
2.5 Conclusion and Outlook.
3 Bis–Azolylazine Derivatives as Supramolecular Synthons for Copper and Silver [2 2] Grids and Coordinatio n Polymers (Félix A. Jalón, Blanca R. Manzano, M. Laura Soriano, and Isabel M. Ortiz).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 "Planar" and "Non–Planar" Azolyl Azines.
3.3 Preparation of [2 2] Grids with Cu(I) or Ag(I).
3.4 Preparation of Coordination Polymers with 2,3–Pyrazolylquinoxalines or 2,3–Pyrazolylpyrazines and Cu(I) or Ag(I).
3.5 Preparation of Supramolecular Structures with 2,4–Diamino–6–R–1,3,5–triazines and Ag(I).
3.6 Conclusions.
4 Chiral Metallocycles for Asymmetric Catalysis (Wenbin Lin).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Thermodynamically–Controlled Metallocycles.
4.3 Kinetically–Controlled Metallocycles.
4.4 General Synthetic Strategies for Chiral Metallocycles.
4.5 Self– and Directed–Assembly of Chiral Pt–Alkynyl Metallocycles.
4.6 Chiral Pt–Alkynyl Metallocycles for Asymmetric Catalysis.
4.7 Concluding Remarks.
5 Catalysis of Acyl Transfer Processes by Crown–Ether Supported Alkaline–Earth Metal Ions (Roberta Cacciapaglia, Stefano Di Stefano, and Luigi Mandolini).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Basic Facts and Concepts.
5.3 Nucleophilic Catalysts with Transacylase Activity.
5.4 Bimetallic Catalysts.
5.5 Concluding Remarks.
6 Bio–Inspired Supramolecular Catalysis (Johannes A.A.W. Elemans, Jeroen J.L.M. Cornelissen, Martinus C. Feiters, Alan E. Rowan, and Roeland J.M. Nolte).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Host–Guest Catalysis.
6.3 Cytochrome P450 Mimics.
6.4 Biohybrid Catalytic Systems.
6.5 Outlook.
7 Selective Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactivity in the Confines of a Chiral Supramolecular Assembly (Michael D. Pluth, Robert G. Bergman, and Kenneth N. Raymond).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Chemistry of Organometallic Guests.
7.3 The Assembly as a Catalyst.
7.4 Conclusions and Outlook 191
8 New Supramolecular Approaches in Transition Metal Catalysis; Templ ate–Ligand Assisted Catalyst Encapsulation, Self–Assembled Ligands and Supramolecular Catalyst Immobilization (Joost N.H. Reek).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Template–Ligand Assisted Catalyst Encapsulation.
8.3 Self–Assembled Ligands in Transition Metal Catalysis.
8.4 Supramolecular Anchoring of Catalysts to Support.
8.5 Conclusion.
9 Chirality–Directed Self–Assembly: An Enabling Strategy for Ligand Scaffold Optimization (James M. Takacs, Shin A. Moteki, and D. Sahadeva Reddy).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 The Need for New Catalyst Systems.
9.3 A Typical Modular Approach to Chiral Bidentate Ligand Design.
9.4 A Further Rationale for Developing Combinatorial Approaches to Scaffold Optimization.
9.5 Approaches to Scaffold Optimization.
9.6 A Convergent Approach to the Formation of Heterobimetallic Catalyst Systems.
9.7 Chirality–Directed Self–Assembly: Selective Formation of Neutral, Heteroleptic Zinc(II) Complexes.
9.8 In situ SAL Preparation.
9.9 Ligand Scaffold Optimization in Palladium–Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination.
9.10 What has been Learned?
9.11 Why such Wide Variation in Enantiomeric Excess given the Relatively Small Changes in Scaffold Structure?
9.12 Ligand Scaffold Optimization in Rhodium–Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
9.13 Concluding Remarks.
10 Supramolecular Catalysis: Refocusing Catalysis (Piet W. N. M. Van Leeuwen and Zoraida Freixa).
10.1 Introduction: A Brief Personal History.
10.2 Secondary Phosphines or Phosphites as Supramolecular Ligands.
10.3 Host–Guest Catalysis.
10.4 Ionic Interactions as a Means to Form Heterobidentate Assembly Ligands.
10.5 Ditopic Ligands for the Construction of Bidentate Phosphine Ligands.
10.6 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
Index.

Nota biograficzna:
Piet van Leeuwen has been group leader at the Catalonian Institute of Chemical Research in Tarragona, Spain, since 2004 and Emeritus Professor of Homogeneous Catalysis at the University of Amsterdam since 1989. Until 1994 he headed a research group at Shell Research in Amsterdam, studying many aspects of homogeneous catalysis. He has coauthored 300 publications, 30 patents and many book chapters. In 2005 he was awarded the Holleman Prize for organic chemists by the Royal Netherlands Academy, as well as a Marie Curie Chair of Excellence.

Okładka tylna:
In the past few years, supramolecular chemistry has led to new approaches in homogeneous catalysis. While host–guest chemistry had already found applications in catalysis as a result of the pioneering work carried out by Professor Ronald Breslow and Nobel prizewinner Professor Jean–Marie Lehn that began some 40 years ago, the construction of catalysts by supramolecular forces has only recently become a powerful tool. This development paves the way for large numbers of new potential catalysts that can be varied in an expedient way by changing the constituting building blocks.
Written by some of the leading contributors in the field, this book is intended for both industrial and academic chemists with an interest in this area of catalysis. With its discussion of topics from ligand libraries to chirality–directed self–assembly, this is a must–have for chemists with organic, catalytic and polymer backgrounds, as well as those employing such compounds in industrial processes.