Applied Adhesive Bonding: A Practical Guide for Flawless Results

This manual provides the most important information on successful adhesive bonding. Various practical advices and helpful tips are useful for the handling of adhesives. Due to its didactically structured content, the book may also serve as a medium for training courses in adhesive bonding engineering. The basics of this innovative joining procedure are described in a practical and easily understandable way suitable for the application in industry, trade and in the do–it–yourself field.
From the contents:
∗ Structure and Classification of Adhesives
∗ Important Reactive Adhesives
∗ Physically Setting Adhesives
∗ Production of Bonded Joints
∗ Adhesive Properties of Important Materials
∗ Adhesive Forces in Bonded Joints
∗ Mistake Possibilities and Remedial Actions
∗ Strength, Calculation and Testing
∗ Constructive Design

Spis treści:
Preface.
1 Introduction.
1.1 Bonding as a Joining Process.
1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Bonding.
1.3 Terms and Defi nitions.
2 Structure and Classifi cation of Adhesives.
2.1 Structure of Adhesives.
2.1.1 Carbon as Central Element.
2.1.2 Monomer – Polymer.
2.1.3 Polymer Formation.
2.2 Classifi cation of Adhesives.
2.2.1 Adhesives Curing by Chemical Reaction (Reactive Adhesives).
2.2.2 Adhesives Curing without Chemical Reaction (Physically Setting
Adhesives).
2.2.3 Solvent–Containing and Solvent–Free Adhesives.
2.2.4 Adhesives on Natural and Synthetic Basis.
2.2.5 Adhesives on Organic and Inorganic Basis.
2.2.6 Application–Related Names of Adhesives.
3 From Adhesive to Adhesive Layer.
3.1 Reactive Adhesives – Fundamentals.
3.1.1 Pot Life.
3.1.2 Mixing Ratio of the Components.
3.1.3 Impact of Time on Adhesive Curing.
3.1.4 Impact of Temperature on Adhesive Curing.
3.2 Two–Component and One–Component Reactive Adhesives.
3.2.1 Two–Component Reactive Adhesives.
3.2.2 One–Component Reactive Adhesives.
3.3 Properties of Adhesive Layers.
3.3.1 Thermoplastics.
3.3.2 Thermoset Plastics.
3.3.3 Elastomers.
3.3.4 Glass Transition Temperature.
3.3.5 Creep.
4 Important Reactive Adhesives.
4.1 Epoxy Resin Adhesives.
4.1.1 Two Component Epoxy Resin Adhesives.
4.1.2 One–Component Epoxy Resin Adhesives.
4.1.3 Reactive Epoxy Resin Hot–Melt Adhesives.
4.1.4 Properties and Application of Epoxy Resin Adhesives.
4.2 Polyurethane (PUR) Adhesives.
4.2.1 Two–Component Polyurethane Adhesives (Solvent–Free).
4.2.2 One–Component Polyurethane Adhesives (Solvent–Free).
4.2.3 Reactive Polyurethane Hot–Melt Adhesives (Solvent–Free).
4.2.4 One–Component Polyurethane Solvent–Based Adhesives.
4.2.5 Two–Component Polyurethane Solvent–Based Adhesives.
4.2.6 Polyurethane Dispersion Adhesives.
4.3 Acrylic Adhesives.
4.3.1 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives.
4.3.2 Radiation–Curing Adhesives.
4.3.3 Methacrylate Adhesives.
4.3.4 Anaerobic Adhesives.
4.4 Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UP–Resins).
4.5 Phenolic Adhesives.
4.6 Silicones.
4.7 Summary Reactive Adhesives.
4.8 Film Adhesives.
4.9 Sealing Materials.
4.10 Polymer Mortars.
5 Physically Setting Adhesives.
5.1 Hot–Melt Adhesives.
5.2 Solvent–Based Adhesives.
5.3 Contact Adhesives.
5.4 Dispersion Adhesives.
5.5 Plastisols.
5.6 Pressure–Sensitive Adhesives, Adhesive Tapes.
5.7 Adhesive Strips.
5.8 Glue Sticks.
5.9 Adhesives Based on Natural Raw Materials.
5.10 Adhesives on an Inorganic Basis.
6 Adhesive Forces in Bonded Joints.
6.1 Adhesive Forces Between Adhesive Layer and Adherend
(Adhesion).
6.2 Wetting.
6.3 Surface Tension.
6.4 Adhesive Forces Inside an Adh esive Layer (Cohesion).
7 Production of Bonded Joints.
7.1 Surface Treatment.
7.1.1 Surface Preparation.
7.1.1.1 Cleaning.
7.1.1.2 Adjusting.
7.1.1.3 Degreasing.
7.1.1.4 Degreasing Agents.
7.1.2 Surface Pretreatment.
7.1.2.1 Mechanical Surface Pretreatment.
7.1.2.2 Physical and Chemical Surface Pretreatment.
7.1.2.3 Pickling.
7.1.2.4 Surface Layers and Creep Corrosion.
7.1.3 Surface Post–Treatment.
7.1.3.1 Primer.
7.1.3.2 Climatization.
7.2 Adhesive Processing.
7.2.1 Adhesive Preparation.
7.2.1.1 Viscosity Adjustment.
7.2.1.2 Homogenization.
7.2.1.3 Climatization.
7.2.2 Adhesive Mixing.
7.2.2.1 Industrial Processing.
7.2.2.2 Application in Workshops.
7.2.2.3 Dynamic Mixers.
7.2.2.4 Static Mixers.
7.2.3 Adhesive Application.
7.2.3.1 Application Methods.
7.2.3.2 Laminating.
7.2.3.3 Amount Applied.
7.2.4 Fixing of Adherends.
7.2.5 Adhesive Curing.
7.2.5.1 Drying, Evaporating.
7.2.5.2 Curing.
7.3 Repair Bonding.
7.3.1 Metal Components.
7.3.2 Plastics.
7.3.2.1 Rigid Materials.
7.3.2.2 PVC Films.
7.3.2.3 Gummed Fiber Fabric.
7.4 Mistake Possibilities in Bonding and Remedial Actions.
7.5 Safety Measures in Adhesive Processing.
7.5.1 Workplace Prerequisites for Adhesive Processing.
7.5.2 Rules of Conduct in Adhesive Processing.
7.6 Quality Assurance.
7.7 Adhesive–Bonding Trainin.
8 Adhesive Selection.
8.1 Preliminary Notes.
8.2 Determining Factors for the Selection of Adhesives.
8.2.1 Adherend Properties.
8.2.2 Demands on Bonded Joints.
8.2.3 Preconditions in Manufacturing.
8.2.4 Processing Parameters of Adhesives.
8.2.5 Property–Related Parameters of Adhesives and Adhesive Layers.
8.2.5.1 One–Component Reactive Adhesives.
8.2.5.2 Two–Component Reactive Adhesives.
8.2.5.3 Physically Setting Adhesives.
8.3 Selection Criteria.
9 Adhesive Properties of Import ant Materials.
9.1 Metals.
9.1.1 Fundamentals.
9.1.1.1 Strength.
9.1.1.2 Impermeability Towards Solvents.
9.1.1.3 Insolubility in Solvents.
9.1.1.4 Thermal Conductivity.
9.1.1.5 Temperature Resistance.
9.1.2 Surface Pretreatment.
9.1.3 Bondability of Important Metals.
9.1.3.1 Aluminum and Al–Alloys.
9.1.3.2 Noble Metals.
9.1.3.3 Stainless Steels.
9.1.3.4 Copper.
9.1.3.5 Brass.
9.1.3.6 Steels, General Constructional Steels.
9.1.3.7 Galvanized Steels, Zinc.
9.1.4 Adhesives for Bonded Metal Joints.
9.2 Plastics.
9.2.1 Fundamentals.
9.2.2 Classifi cation of Plastics.
9.2.3 Identifi cation of Plastics.
9.2.4 Surface Pretreatment.
9.2.4.1 Corona Method.
9.2.4.2 Low–Pressure Plasma.
9.2.4.3 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma.
9.2.4.4 Flame Treatment (Kreidl Method).
9.2.4.5 Mechanical Methods.
9.2.5 Plastics Soluble or Swellable in Organic Solvents.
9.2.6 Plastics Insoluble or not Swellable in Organic Solvents.
9.2.7 Plastic Foams.
9.2.8 Bonding of Plastics to Metals.
9.2.9 Bonding of Plasticizer–Containing Plastics.
9.3 Glass.
9.3.1 Surface Pretreatment.
9.3.2 Glass–Glass–Bonded Joints.
9.3.3 Bonded Glass Joints with Radiation–Curing Adhesives.
9.3.4 Glass–Metal Joints.
9.4 Rubber Products.
9.5 Wood and Wood Products.
9.6 Porous Materials.
10 Strength, Calculation and Testing of Bonded Joints.
10.1 The Term “Strength”.
10.2 Test Methods.
10.2.1 Adhesive Strength Testing.
10.2.2 Tensions in Single–Lap Bonded Joints.
10.2.3 Shear Strength Testing.
10.2.4 Peel Resistance Testing.
10.2.5 Test Methods for Short–Term and Long–Term Stresses.
10.3 Elastic Bonding.
10.4 Shaft–to–Hub Joints.
11 Constructive Design of Bonded Joints.
12 References.
13 A Selection of Common Terms in Bonding Technology.
Index.