Nanoparticles and Catalysis

Written by international experts, this monograph combines two of the most important aspects of modern chemistry, presenting the latest knowledge on these environmental friendly applications.
This result is a comprehensive overview of the application of nanoparticles in catalysis, focusing on synthesis and the most important reaction types, providing all the information needed by catalytic, organic and solid state chemists, as well as those working with or on organometallics, materials scientists, and chemists in industry.

Spis treści:
Preface.
List of Contributors.
1 Transition–metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis: From Historical Background to the State–of–the Art (Didier Astruc).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Historical Background.
1.3 Polymers as NP Stabilizers.
1.4 Dendrimers as NP Stabilizers.
1.5 Ligand Stabilization of NPs.
1.6 “Ligand–free” Heck Reactions using Low Pd–Loading.
1.7 The Roles of Micelles, Microemulsions, Surfactants and Aerogels.
1.8 Ionic Liquid Media for Catalysis by NPs.
1.9 Oxide Supports for NP Catalysts.
1.10 Carbon Supports for NP Catalysts.
1.11 NPs of Noble Metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Their Oxides) in Catalysis.
1.12 Gold Nanoparticle–based Catalysts.
1.13 Environmental Problems: NOx Pollution and How to Remove NOx Using NP Catalysis.
1.14 Hydrocarbon Reforming: Activation of Hydrocarbons by NP Catalysts.
1.15 Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metal NPs.
1.16 Application and Perspectives in Organic Chemistry.
1.17 Conclusion.
2 Colloidal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Surfactants or Organo–Aluminum Derivatives: Preparation and Use as Catalyst Precursors (Helmut Bönnemann, Kyatanahalli S. Nagabhushana, and Ryan M. Richards).
2.1 Background.
2.2 General Introduction.
2.3 Synthetic Methodologies.
2.4 Applications in Catalysis.
2.5 Miscellaneous Applicat ions and Future Outlook.
3 Nanoparticulate Catalysts Based on Nanostructured Polymers (Lyudmila M. Bronstein, Valentina G. Matveeva, and Esther M. Sulman).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Catalytic Nanoparticles in a Nanostructured Environment.
3.3 Conclusions and Outlook.
4 PAMAM Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticle Catalysts (Bert D. Chandler and John D. Gilbertson).
4.1 Introduction and Background.
4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer Encapsulated Nanoparticles.
4.3 Homogeneous Catalysis.
4.4 Supported Dendrimer Templated Nanoparticles.
4.5 Summary, Outlook, and Links Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis.
5 Aerogel Supported Nanoparticles in Catalysis (Adelina Vallribera and Elies Molins).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in Gaseous Media.
5.3 Aerogel Nanocomposites as Catalysts of Important Reactions in Liquid Media.
6 Transition–metal Nanoparticle Catalysis in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (Jairton Dupont and Dagoberto de Oliveira Silva).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Ionic Liquids: Structural Aspects.
6.3 Formation of Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids.
6.4 Stabilization of the Metal Nanoparticles in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids.
6.5 Catalytic Properties of Transition–metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids.
6.6 Conclusions and Perspectives.
7 Carbon and Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Containing Catalysts (Cuong Pham–Huu, Ovidiu Ersen, and Marc–Jacques Ledoux).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Carbon and SiC Nanotubes/Nanofi bers.
7.3 One–dimensional Conductive Materials for Catalysis.
7.4 Conclusion.
7.5 Outlook.
8 Size–selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal and Metal Oxide Colloids and Their Use as Catalysts (Manfred T. Reetz).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Size– and Shape–selective Preparation of Metal Nanoparti cles in the Zerovalent Form.
8.3 Preparation and Application of Aqueous Colloids of Metal Oxide and Multimetal Oxide Nanoparticles.
8.4 Conclusion.
9 Multimetallic Nanoparticles Prepared by Redox Processes Applied in Catalysis (Florence Epron, Catherine Especel, Gwendoline Lafaye, and Patrice Marécot).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 General Aspects.
9.3 Practical Aspects.
9.4 Applications in the Synthesis of Organic Chemicals.
9.5 Applications in Environmental Catalysis.
9.6 Applications in Catalysis for Energy.
9.7 Conclusion.
10 The Role of Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions (Laurent Djakovitch, Klaus Köhler, and Johannes G. de Vries).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Stable Palladium Colloids and Nanoparticles.
10.3 Ligand–free Palladium Catalysts.
10.4 Palladacycles, Pincers and Other Palladium Complexes as Precursors of Palladium Nanoclusters.
10.5 Palladium Supported on Solids as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions.
10.6 Conclusions.
11 Rhodium and Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Catalysis (Alain Roucoux, Audrey Nowicki, and Karine Philippot).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Generalities on the Synthesis and the Stabilization Modes of Nanoparticles.
11.3 Rh and Ru Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions.
11.4 Catalytic Formation of C−C Bonds.
11.5 Other Reactions.
11.6 Conclusion.
12 Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Oxidation Catalysts (Avelino Corma and Hermenegildo Garcia).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Nanoparticles and Their Properties.
12.3 Infl uence of the Support on the Catalytic Activity of Supported Gold Nanoparticles.
12.4 Sustainability and Green Chemistry.
12.5 Alcohol Oxidation in Organic Chemistry.
12.6 Related Precedents to the Use of Gold Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
12.7 Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanop articles.
12.8 Gold vs. Palladium Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
12.9 Reaction Mechanism of Gold–catalyzed Alcohol Oxidations.
12.10 Infl uence of the Solvent on Aerobic Oxidation.
12.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects.
13 Gold Nanoparticles–catalyzed Oxidations in Organic Chemistry (Cristina Della Pina, Ermelinda Falletta, and Michele Rossi).
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Catalyst Preparation.
13.3 Size–dependent Properties of Gold.
13.4 Oxidation Mechanism.
13.5 Gold Catalysis for Selective Oxidation.
13.6 Liquid Phase Oxidation of the Alcoholic Group.
13.7 Oxidation of Aldehydes.
13.8 Oxidation of Glucose.
13.9 Perspective for Gold Catalysis in Liquid Phase Oxidation.
13.10 Conclusions.
14 Au NP–catalysed Propene Epoxidation by Dioxygen and Dihydrogen (Jun Kawahara and Masatake Haruta).
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Tests.
14.3 Au/TiO2.
14.4 Au/Ti–SiO2.
14.5 Conclusions.
15 Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in CO Oxidation (Catherine Louis).
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Preparation of Supported Gold Catalysts.
15.3 Main Parameters Infl uencing the Catalytic Behavior of Gold Supported on Metal Oxides in CO Oxidation.
15.4 Properties of Gold Nanoparticles (Free or Supported).
15.5 Overview of the Mechanisms of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation.
15.6 Contribution of Quantum Chemical Calculation and Surface Science to the Understanding of CO Oxidation.
15.7 Concluding Remarks: Attempt to Rationalise the Results on CO Oxidation.
16 NO Heterogeneous Catalysis Viewed from the Angle of Nanoparticles (Frédéric Thibault–Starzyk, Marco Daturi, Philippe Bazin, and Olivier Marie).
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 The Chemistry of deNOx Catalysis.
16.3 The Metal Center.
16.4 Metals in Zeolites.
16.5 Three–way Catalysis.