Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications

Materials scientists, polymer chemists, surface physicists and materials engineers will find this book a complete and detailed treatise on the field of polymer brushes, their synthesis, characterization and manifold applications. In a first section, the various synthetic pathways and different surface materials are introduced and explained, followed by a second section covering important aspects of characterization and analysis in both flat surfaces and particles. These specific surface initiated polymerization (SIP) systems such as linear polymers, homopolymers, block copolymers, and hyperbranched polymers are unique compared to previously reported systems by chemisorption or physisorption. They have found their way in both large–scale and miniature applications of polymer brushes, which is covered in the last section. Such ′hairy′ surfaces offer fascinating opportunities for addressing numerous problems of both academic and, in particular, industrial interest: high–quality, functional or protective coatings, composite materials, surface engineered particles, metal–organic interfaces, biological applications, micro–patterning, colloids, nanoparticles, functional devices, and many more. It is the desire of the authors that this book will be of benefit to readers who want to "brush–up on polymers".

Spis treści:
Preface.
List of Contributors.
Polymer Brushes: On the Way to Tailor–Made Surfaces (Jürgen Rühe).
1 Growth of Polymer Molecules at Surfaces: Introductory Remarks.
2 Coatings: From First Principles to High–Tech Applications.
3 Surface–Coating Techniques.
4 Surface–Attached Polymers.
5 Polymer Brushes: General Features.
6 Theory of Polymer Brushes.
7 Synthesis of Polymer Brushes.
8 Polymer Brushes as Functional Materials.
9 Microstructured Polymer Brushes.
10 Surface–Initiated Polymerization: The Overall Picture.
Part I Synthesis.
1 Recent Advances in Polymer Brush Synthesis (Anthony M. Granville and William J. Brittain).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 “Grafting To” Synthesis Technique.
1.3 “Grafting From” Synthesis Technique.
2 Polymer Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Jeffrey Pyun, Tomasz Kowalewski, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Polymer Brushes on Flat Surfaces.
2.3 Polymer Brushes from Particles.
2.4 Molecular Brushes.
3 Polymer Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Initiated from Macroinitiator Synthesized on the Surface (Viktor Klep, Bogdan Zdyrko, Yong Liu, and Igor Luzinov).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Experimental.
3.3 Results and Discussion.
4 Synthesis of Polypeptide Brushes (Henning Menzel and Peter Witte).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Preparation of Peptide Brushes by “Grafting To”.
4.3 Preparation of Peptide Brushes by Grafting From Polymerization.
4.4 Preparation of Peptide Brushes by Living Grafting From Polymerization.
5 Bottle Brush Brushes: Ring–Opening Polymerization of Lactide from Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Surfaces (Jong–Bum Kim, Wenxi Huang, Chun Wang, Merlin Bruening, and Gregory L. Baker).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Synthesis of PHEMA–g–PLA.
5.3 Conclusions and Implications for Future Studies.
5.4 Experimental Section.
6 Preparation of Well–Defined Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanostructures using Living Cationic Surface–Initiated Polymerization from Silica Nanoparticles (Il–Jin Kim, Su Chen, and Rudolf Faust).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Experimental Section.
6.3 Results and Discussion.
7 Photoinitiated Polymerization from Self–Assembled Monolayers (Daniel J. Dyer, Jianxin Feng, Charles Fivelson, Rituparna Paul, Rolf Schmidt, and Tongfeng Zhao).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Substrates.
7.3 Photoinitiated Radical Polymerization Mechanisms.
7.4 Polymerization from AIBN–type SAMs.
7.5 Conclusions and Future Studies.
7.6 Experimental.
8 Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Rearrangement of Block Copolymer Brushes (Stephen G. Boyes, Anthony M. Granville, Marina Baum, Bulent Akgun, Brian K. Mirous, and William J. Brittain).
8.1 Introduction and Background.
8.2 Controlled/“Living” Free Radical Polymerization.
8.3 Synthesis of Block Copolymer Brushes.
8.4 Rearrangement of Block Copolymer Brushes.
9 Surface–Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers (Hideharu Mori and Axel H. E. Müller).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 “Grafting To” Approach.
9.3 Multi–Step Grafting Approach.
9.4 “Grafting From” Approach.
Part II Characterization.
10 The Analysis and Characterization of Polymer Brushes: From Flat Surfaces to Nanoparticles (Rigoberto C. Advincula).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Characterization of Ultrathin Polymer Films and Polymer Brushes.
10.3 Investigating Polymer Brush Systems.
10.4 The Importance of Characterizing Particles and Nanoparticles.
10.5 Characterization and Analysis Methods for Polymer Brushes on Particles.
11 Characterization of Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticle Surfaces (Thomas A. P. Seery, Mark Jordi, Rosette Guino, and Dale Huber).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Experimental.
11.3 Results and Discussion.
12 Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes (Matthias Ballauff).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Synthesis and Characterization.
12.3 Experimental Verification of Theoretical Predictions.
12.4 Flow Behavior.
12.5 Applications.
13 Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Complex Formation and Multilayer Build–up with Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes (Rupert Konradi, Haining Zhang, Markus Biesalski, and Jürgen Rühe)
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Synthesis and Data Evaluation.
13.3 Swelling Behavior of Wea k Polyelectrolyte Brushes in Aqueous Environments.
13.4 Interaction Between Polyelectrolyte Brushes and Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes in Solution.
14 Structure and Properties of High–Density Polymer Brushes (Yoshinobu Tsujii, Muhammad Ejaz, Shinpei Yamamoto, Kohji Ohno, Kenji Urayama, and Takeshi Fukuda).
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Controlled Synthesis of High–Density Polymer Brush by ATRP.
14.3 Structure and Properties of High–Density PMMA Brushes.
14.4 Application of High–Density Polymer Brushes.
15 Behavior of Surface–Anchored Poly(acrylic acid) Brushes with Grafting Density Gradients on Solid Substrates (Tao Wu, Jan Genzer, Peng Gong, Igal Szleifer, Petr Vlček, and Vladimír Šubr)
Glossary.
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Experimental Section.
15.3 Theory Section.
15.4 Experimental Results.
15.5 Discussion.
16 Kinetics of Polymer Brush Formation With and Without Segmental Adsorption (Lynn S. Penn, Heqing Huang, Roderic P. Quirk, and Tae H. Cheong).
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Experimental.
16.3 Results and Discussion.
Part III Applications.
17 Applications of Polymer Brushes and Other Surface–Attached Polymers (Kenneth C. Caster).
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Surface Modification and Functionalization.
17.3 Applications.
17.4 Future Prospects.
Appendix.
18 Polymer Brushes: Towards Applications (Gregory L. Whiting, Tamer Farhan, and Wilhelm T. S. Huck).
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Experimental.
18.3 Results and Discussion.
19 Polymerization, Nanopatterning and Characterization of Surface–Confined, Stimulus–Responsive Polymer Brushes (Marian Kaholek, Woo–Kyung Lee, Bruce LaMattina, Kenneth C. Caster, and Stefan Zauscher).
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Experimental.
19.3 Results and Discussion.
20 Mixed Polymer Brushes: Switching of Surface Behavior and Chemical