Handbook of Tunnel Engineering I: Structures and Methods

Tunnel engineering is one of the oldest, most interesting but also challenging engineering disciplines and demands not only theoretical knowledge but also practical experience in geology, geomechanics, structural design, concrete construction, machine technology, construction process technology and construction management. The two–volume „Handbuch des Tunnel– und Stollenbaus“ has been the standard reference for German– speaking tunnellers in theory and practice for 30 years. The new English edition is based on a revised and adapted version of the third German edition and refl ects the latest state of knowledge. The book is published in two volumes, with the fi rst being devoted to more practical themes of construction and construction process in drill and blast and mechanised tunnelling. Microtunnelling and ventilation are also dealt with. All chapters include practical examples.

Volume I: Structures and Methods The authors VII Foreword to the English edition IX Foreword to the 3rd German edition X Foreword to the 2nd German edition XI Foreword to the 1st German edition XII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Historical development 1 1.3 Terms and descriptions 4 2 Support methods and materials 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Action of the support materials 9 2.3 Timbering 12 2.4 Steel ribs 14 2.5 Lattice beam elements 19 2.6 Advance support measures 21 2.7 Rock bolts 29 2.8 Concrete in tunnelling 45 3 The classic methods and their further developments 145 3.1 General 145 3.2 Full–face excavation 147 3.3 Partial–face excavation 148 3.4 Classic shield drives 163 3.5 The classic tunnelling machines 164 4 Shotcrete tunnelling 167 4.1 General 167 4.2 Top heading process 168 4.3 Core tunnelling method with side headings 175 4.4 Special processes using shotcrete 176 4.5 Shotcrete in mining 178 4.6 Outlook for further development 182 4.7 The new Italian tunnelling method (ADECCO–RS) 182 5 Drill and blast tunnelling 189 5.1 Historical development 189 5.2 Drilling  191 5.3 Blasting 211 5.4 Mucking 243 5.5 Combination of drill and blast with mechanised tunnelling processes 265 5.6 Effects of blasting on the surroundings 267 5.7 Mechanisation and Automation 278 6 Mechanised tunnelling 285 6.1 General 285 6.2 Categories of tunnelling machines 285 6.3 Shield machines 286 6.4 Tunnel boring machines in hard rock 322 6.5 Special processes: combinations of TBM drives with shotcrete tunnelling 338 6.6 Roadheaders (TSM) and tunnel excavators 353 6.7 Checking the tunnelling machine for suitability and acceptance based on a risk analysis 366 7 The driving of small cross–sections 379 7.1 General 379 7.2 Manned processes 380 7.3 Unmanned processes 385 7.4 Shafts and jacking stations 400 7.5 Support, product pipe 402 8 Ventilation during the construction phase 409 8.1 General 409 8.2 Ventilation systems 411 8.3 Materials 414 8.4 Design and cost 417 8.5 Special ventilation systems 423 Bibliography 427 Index 443

o. Prof. em. Dr.–Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Bernhard Maidl is the former Chair of Construction Technology, Tunnelling and Construction Management at the Ruhr University, Bochum. Prof. Maidl is currently partner of MTC – Maidl Tunnelconsultants GmbH & Co. KG, Munich and Duisburg. Dr. Ulrich Maidl is the managing director of MTC – Maidl Tunnelconsultants GmbH & Co. KG, Munich and Duisburg as well as an officially appointed and sworn expert in tunneling and microtunnelling. Prof. Dr.–Ing. Markus Thewes holds the Chair of Tunnelling and Construction Management at the Ruhr University, Bochum and is active in national and international associations.