Functionally Graded Materials 2000

Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) has served as a unifying theme for interdisciplinary research for more than a decade. The biannual International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials has provided a forum for research on materials with spatial variation in microstructures or chemistries and have brought together a small, but richly interactive, community of FGM researchers from university, industry, and government labs all around the world.
This new volume brings to readers current advancements and information on the topic of Functionally Graded Materials. More than 150 researchers from 20 different countries came together in Estes Park, Colorado for FGM 2000 to bring this information to the rest of the research world. FGM continues to be a vigorous topic stimulating new materials research, and this proceedings will keep you informed of all the latest developments in this area.

Spis treści:
Functional Materials.
Fabrication of Ceramic/Epoxy Photonic Crystals with Graded Lattice Spacings (Stereolithography by S. Kirihara, Y. Miyamoto and I. Kajiyama).
Optical Characterizations of a 42–Layer SiO2–ZrO2 System Multilayer Film with Stepwise Graded Refractive Index Profiles (X. Wang, L. Chen, T. Hirai and Y. Someno).
Launch into Space with FGM (A. Kumakawa, M. Niino, S. Moriya and A. Moro).
Interdependence of Coupled Functional Properties in a Thermoelectric FeSi2–Based FGM (E. Müller, K. Schackenberg, H. Ernst, H.T. Kaibe, L. Rauscher, C. Reinhard and W.A. Kaysser).
Fermi Level Pinning over a Wide Temperature Range in Functionally Graded IV–VI Semiconductors (Z. Dashevsky, S. Shusterman and M.P. Dariel).
Dopant Diffusion Process in Thermoelectric Material Pb Te (Y. Shinohara, Y. Imai, Y. Isoda and H.T. Kaibe)
Functionally Graded Bismuth Antimony Telluride Crystals for Low–Temperature Peltier Coolers Grown by Zone Melting (M. Ueltzen, W. Heilig er, W. Seifert and P. Reinshaus).
Biomedical Applications.

Fabrication of Bioactive FGM from Ti and Hydroxyapatite (M. Omori, A. Okubo, T. Hirai, R. Miyao and F. Watari).
Functionally Graded Collagen–Hydroxyapatite Materials for Bone Replacement (W. Pompe, M. Gelinsky, I. Hofinger and B. Knepper–Nicolai).
Gradient Tissue Reaction Induced by Functionally Graded Implant (F. Watari, A. Yokoyama, H. Matsuno, R. Miyao, M. Uo, Y. Tamura, T. Kawasaki, M. Omori and T. Hirai).
Characterization and Optimized Design of HA–Ti/Ti/HA–Ti Symmetrical Functionally Graded Biomaterial (C. Chu, S. Wang, P. Lin, Z.D. Yin and J. Zhu).
Tensile Behavior of a Functionally Graded Braided Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite Material (Q. Wang, Z. Huang and S. Ramakrishna).
Functionally Graded Materials of Biodegradable Polyesters and Bonelike Calcium Phosphates for Bone Replacement by C. Schiller, M. Siedler, F. Peters and M. Epple
Tribological Coatings.
Damage Tolerant Tribological Coatings Based on Thermal Sprayed FGMs (L. Prchlik, A. Vaidya and S. Sampath).
Internal Stress Distribution in Functionally Graded Diamond/Silicon Nitride Coatings (M. Kamiya, R. Sasai, S.S. Lee, H. Itoh and K. Tanaka).
Microstructure and Properties of Graded Metal–Carbide Claddings (C. Theiler, T. Seefeld and G. Sepold).
Role of Imperfections and Intrinsic Stresses on the Thermomechanical and Tribological Properties of Thermal Sprayed Metal–Ceramic FGMs (L. Prchlik, J. Matejicek, A. Vaidya and S. Sampath).
Oxidation Resistance of Carbon/Carbon Composites Coated with a Si–MoSi2 by the Slurry Dipping Process (J.H. Jeon, Y.D. Hahn, H.T. Fang and Z.D. Yin).
Processing and Characterization of Graded Aluminum Components with High Hardness and Improved Wear Behavior Using Plasma Transferred ARC Welding (PTA) Processes (U. Dilthey, B. Balachov and L. Kabatnik).
Cracking Behavior of Graded Chromium Nitride Coatings on Brass for Wear Resistant Applications (S. Krishnamurthy and I.E. Reimanis).
Thermoreactive Electrospark Surface Strengthening (TRESS) (E.A. Levashov, E.K. Kharlamov, S. Hosomi, M. Ohyanagi and M. Koizumi).

Thermal Barrier Coatings.

Cracking Behavior of NiCrAlY/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings under Four–Point Bend Loads (A. Kucuk, C.G. Dambra, C.C. Berndt, U. Senturk and R.S. Lima).
Development of Functionally–Graded, NZP–Based Thermal Barrier Coatings (R. Nageswaran and S. Sampath).
EB–PVD Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings with Graded Al2O3–PYSZ Interlayers (T. Krell, U. Schulz, M. Peters and W.A. Kaysser).
Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings: Cracking Due to Laser Irradiation and Determining of Interface Toughness (H. Balke, H.–A. Bahr, A.S. Semenov, I. Hofinger, C. Häusler, G. Kirchhoff and H.–J. Weiss).
Thermal Shock of Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings (K. Kokini, J. DeJonge, S. Rangaraj and B. Beardsley).
Thermomechanical Modelling of Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings (N. Nomura, M. Gasik, A. Kawasaki and R. Watanabe).
Powder Processing.

Peculiarities of Functionally Graded Targets Formation in the SHS–Wave for PVD Processes with an Operating Layer in the Systems Ti–Si–B, Ti–Si–C (E.A. Levashov, B.R. Senatulin, H.E. Grigoryan, A.S. Rogachev and J.J. Moore).
Synthesis and Densification of Ceramic FGMs in One Step (E.M. Carrillo–Heian, J.C. Gibeling, Z.A. Munir and G.H. Paulino).
Functionally Graded Hardmetals and Cermets (W. Lengauer, J. Garcia, V. Uckar, K. Dreyer, D. Kassel and H.–W. Daub).
Graded Materials of Diamond Dispersed Cemented Carbide Fabricated by Induction Field–Activated Combustion Synthesis (M. Ohyanagi, I. Shimazoe, T. Hiwatshi, T. Tsujikami, M. Koizumi, E. Levashov and Z.A. Munir).
Processing and Characterization of Functionally Graded Ti̵ 1;B Based Composites for Armor Applications (M. Cirakoglu, S. Bhaduri and S.B. Bhaduri).
Microwave Assisted Processing of Functionally Graded Composites in the Ti–B Binary System (M. Cirakoglu, S. Bhaduri and S.B. Bhaduri).
Development of Automatic FGM Manufacturing Systems (the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)Method by M. Tokita).
Design and Fabrication of SiC/C FGM (W. Cao, A. Wu, J.T. Li and C.C. Ge).
Fabrication of PSZ–Al2O3 Functionally Graded Disks and Plates (H. Kobayashi).
FGM Research in LSCPM of China (C.C. Ge, W.P. Shen, J.T. Li, W.B. Cao, Z.T. Zhou, G.Y. Xu, Y.H. Ling and A.H. Wu).
Fabrication of Ti–Sc System FGM with Density Gradient (C.J. Deng, H. Tao, L.M. Zhang and R.Z. Yuan).
Processing of Silicon Nitride–Tungsten Prototypes (G. He, D.A. Hirschfeld, J. Cesarano III and J.N. Stuecker).
Fabrication of a SiC/Cu Functionally Gradient Material (Graded Sintering by Y. Ling, C.C. Ge, J.T. Li and C. Huo).
Sintering of FGM Hardmetals in Different Conditions: Simulation and Experimental Results (M. Gasik and B. Zhang).
Fabrication of Al2O3/TiC/Ni Graded Materials by Pulsed–Electric Current Sintering (Y. Ren, J. Lin, Y. Miyamoto, G. Qiao and Z. Jin).
FGM Fabrication by Surface Thermal Treatments of TiC–Ni3Al Composites (T.N. Tiegs, M.L. Santella, C.A. Blue and P.A. Menchhofer).
Formation and Control of Ti–Mo FGM with Continuous Transitional Composition (Z.M. Yang, L.M. Zhang, F. Tian, L.D. Chen and T. Hirai).
Preparation of W–Mo–Ti Graded Density Flier–Plate Materials (Q. Shen, L.M. Zhang, H.P. Xiong, L.P. Chen and T. Hirai).
Sintering Behavior of Wet Chemically Derived Zinc Oxide Varistor (K. Sugawara, T. Sugawara and T. Ogasawara).
Infiltration Processing.

Processing of Porosity Graded Silicon Carbide Evaporator Tubes by Pressure Filtration (R.H. Oberacker, M. Dröschel and M.J. Hoffman