Steroid Enzymes and Cancer, Volume 1155

The expression and activity of key enzymes of sex steroid metabolism have major implications in both development and progression of various human hormone–related tumors, including breast, prostate, lung, and liver cancer.
This volume explores the role of local synthesis of steroid hormones, a process that has assumed an increasing importance in our understanding about several malignancies originating from steroid target tissues, wherein abnormal levels of individual steroids may promote tumor growth. In this framework, a divergent expression and/or activity of key gonadal steroid enzymes (including dehydrogenases, hydroxylases, sulfotransferases, sulfatases, and aromatase) may eventually lead to a differential accumulation of hormone derivatives with divergent biological activities in individual target tissues. This is of crucial importance in predicting the overall biological impact that sex steroids have on peripheral target tissues and, hence, on their potential role in cancer development and/or progression.
The volume focuses on five key enzymes in the metabolism of sex steroids: (1) 17βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; (2) 5αreductase; (3) hydroxylases and catechol–oxy methyltransferase; (4) sulfatase, sulfotransferases, and glucuronidase; and (5) aromatase.
The organization of the volume is designed to provide an updated picture of the existing knowledge about the association between steroid enzyme expression/function and the development and/or progression of major human cancers, including classical (breast, prostate) and nonclassical (lung, liver) hormone–related tumors. The resulting inferences for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are also presented, along with the experimental basis for developing preventive measures.
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Spis treści:
Preface: H. Leon Bradlow and Giuseppe Carruba
1. Translational Research in Hormone Related Cancer: Luisa M. Massimo and Giampaolo Tonini
2. Keynote Lecture: Organization, Integration and Assembly of Genetic and Epigenetic Regulatory Machinery in Nuclear Microenvironments: Implications for Biological Control in Cancer: Gary S. Stein, Sayyed K. Zaidi, Janet L. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Andre van Wijnen, Martin Montecino, Daniel W. Young, Amjad Javed, Jitesh Pratap, Je–Yong Choi, Syed A. Ali, Sandhya Pande, and Mohammad Q. Hassan
Part I: Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases:
3. Perspectives in understanding the role of human 17beta–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in health and disease: Marc Meier, Gabriele Möller, and Jerzy Adamski
4. 17beta–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human breast cancer: Shuji Nagasaki, Yasuhiro Miki, Jun–ichi Akahira, Takashi Suzuki, and Hironobu Sasano
5. Steroid Hormone Transforming Aldo–Keto Reductases and Cancer: Trevor M. Penning, and Michael C. Byrns
6. 5α–Reductase Isozymes and Androgen Actions in The Prostate: Yuan–Shan Zhu and Julianne L. Imperato–McGinley
Part II: Hydroxylases:
7. Estrogen Hydroxylation–The Good and the Bad: Daniel W. Sepkovic and H. Leon Bradlow
8. Estrogen Metabolism and Breast Cancer: A Risk Model: Fritz F. Parl, Sheila Dawling, Nady Roodi, and Philip S. Crooke
Part III: Sulfatase, Sulfotransferase, and Glucuronidase:
9. New Developments in intracrinology of human breast cancer – estrogen sulfatase and sulfotransferase: Hironobu S asano, Shuji Nagasaki, Yasuhiro Miki, and Takashi Suzuki
10. The development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors for hormone–dependent cancer therapy: Joanna M. Day, Atul Purohit, Helena J. Tutill, Paul A.
Foster, L.W. Lawrence Woo, Barry V.L. Potter, and Michael J. Reed
11. Estrogen Sulfotransferases in Breast and Endometrial Cancers: Jorge Pasqualini
12. Potential role of UGT pharmacogenetics in cancer treatment and prevention: focus on tamoxifen: Philip Lazarus, Andrea S. Blevins–Primeau, Yan Zheng, and Dongxiao Sun
Part IV: Aromatase I:
13. Molecular characterization of aromatase: Yanyan Hong, Hongzhi Li, Yate–Ching Yuan, and Shiuan Chen
14. Regulation of Aromatase Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue: Serdar E Bulun, Zhihong Lin, Hong Zhao, Meiling Lu, Sanober Amin, Scott Reierstad, and Dong Chen
15. Estrogen mediation of breast tumor formation involves estrogen receptor dependent, as well as independent, genotoxic effects: Richard Santen, Ercole Cavalieri, Eleanor Rogan, Jose Russo, Joseph Guttenplan, James Ingle, and Wei Yue
16. Phase 3 trials of aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer prevention: Following in the path of the selective estrogen receptor modulators: Barbara K. Dunn and Anne Ryan
Part V: Aromatase II:
17. Aromatase inhibitors and breast cancer: Luciana Furtado Macedo, Gauri Sabnis, and Angela Brodie
18. The Dual, Opposing Roles of Estrogen in the Prostate: Stuart Ellem and Gail Risbridger
19. Aromatase in human liver: Giuseppe Carruba
20. Targeting aromatase and estrogen signaling in human non–small cell lung Cancer: Diana C. Márquez–Garbán, Hsiao–Wang Chen, Lee Goodglick, Michael C. Fishbein, and Richard J. Pietras
21. Keynote Lecture: Inflammation and liver cancer: new molecular links: C. Berasain, J. Castillo, M.J. Perugorria, M.U. Latasa, J. Prieto, and M. A. Avila
Part VI: Poster Papers:
22. Application of a new breast cancer classification to a popu lation–based series: demographic, clinical, and prognostic features of incident cases, Palermo Province, 2002–2004: Maurizio Zarcone, Rosalba Amodio, Ildegarda Campisi, Rosanna Cusimano, Cecilia Dolcemascolo, Vitale Miceli, Adele Traina, and Maurizio Macaluso
23. Endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer: data from Breast Cancer Registry of Palermo (1999–2005): Rosalba Amodio, Maurizio Zarcone, Biagio Agostara, Maria Stella Adamo, Orazia Maria Granata, Giuseppe Carruba, and Adele Traina
24. Dietary enterolactone affects androgen and estrogen levels in healthy postmenopausal women: Orazia M. Granata, Adele Traina, Stefania Ramirez, Ildegarda Campisi, Maurizio Zarcone, Rosalba Amodio, Lucia M. Polito and Giuseppe Carruba
25. 16α–Hydroxyestrone inhibits Estrogen sulfotransferase activity in human liver cancer cells: Ildegarda Campisi, Orazia M. Granata, Letizia Cocciadiferro, Maurizio Calabrò, Lucia M. Polito, and Giuseppe Carruba
26. Clues to Understanding the Oxidation of Estradiol in Humans: Effects of Acute Infectious Hepatitis, Autoimmune Hepatitis and Chronic Liver Disease: Robert Lahita, Robert A. Schaefer, H. Leon Bradlow, and Mary–Jeanne Kreek
27. Aromatase and amphiregulin are correspondingly expressed in human liver cancer cells: Vitale Miceli, Melchiorre Cervello, Antonina Azzolina, Giuseppe Montalto, Maurizio Calabrò, and Giuseppe Carruba
28. Profiling Cancer Stem Cells in Androgen Responsive and Refractory Human Prostate Tumor Cell Lines: Letizia Cocciadiferro, Vitale Miceli, Kyung–Sun Kang, Lucia M. Polito, James E. Trosko, and Giuseppe Carruba
29. Sex steroids upregulate the IGF–IR in prostate cancer cells through a nongenotropic pathway: Giuseppe Pandini, Marco Genua, Francesco Frasca, Riccardo Vigneri, and Antonino Belfiore
30. Low levels of both xanthine dehydrogenase and cellular retinol binding protein are responsible for the retinoic acid deficiency in malignant