Classical Archaeology

Classical archaeology has undergone profound change in recent years; new theoretical approaches and the development of cutting–edge methodologies have prompted classical archaeologists to pose more challenging questions of the extraordinarily rich data we possess from the ancient Mediterranean world. Classical Archaeology is designed to encourage further critical thinking about the role of ancient material culture in Greek and Roman societies, and the role of modern preoccupations in shaping the study of ancient material. Authored by leading archaeologists and historians of the classical world, the fully–update second edition of Classical Archaeology contains thematic pairs of essays (each pair comprised of one essay from the Greek world and one from the Roman) that explore ideas such as the ancient environment, rural landscape, urban spaces, cults and rituals, identity and its material expression, and Mediterranean links with a wider world. Maps, chronologies, diagrams, photographs, and short editorial introductions to each chapter connect the paired essays and provide the reader with vital background and context. These features, as well as the editors’ comprehensive introduction and their final reflective chapter, make Classical Archaeology indispensable to all students of classical Greece and Rome. New to second edition: Updated and revised throughout, with additional illustrations Includes brand new essays on Greek and Roman art

List of Figures ix Notes on Contributors xv Introduction 1 Robin Osborne and Susan E. Alcock 1 What is Classical Archaeology? 11 Introduction 11 (a) Greek Archaeology 13 Anthony Snodgrass (b) Roman Archaeology 30 Martin Millett 2 Doing Archaeology in the Classical Lands 51 Introduction 51 (a) The Greek World 53 Jack L. Davis (b) The Roman World 71 Henry Hurst 3 Human Ecology and the Classical Landscape 91 Introduction 91 The Greek and Roman Worlds 93 Lin Foxhall, Martin Jones and Hamish Forbes 4 The Essential Countryside 122 Introduction 122 (a) The Greek World 124 Susan E. Alcock (b) The Roman World 144 Nicola Terrenato 5 Urban Spaces and Central Places 168 Introduction 168 (a) The Greek World 170 Tonio Hölscher (b) The Roman World 187 Nicholas Purcell 6 Housing and Households 207 Introduction 207 (a) The Greek World 209 Lisa Nevett (b) The Roman World 228 Bettina Bergmann 7 Cult and Ritual 249 Introduction 249 (a) The Greek World 251 Robin Osborne (b) The Roman World 268 Christopher Smith 8 The Personal and the Political 293 Introduction 293 (a) The Greek World 295 John F. Cherry (b) The Roman World 316 Penelope J. E. Davies 9 The Creation and Expression of Identity 348 Introduction 348 (a) The Greek World 350 Jonathan M. Hall (b) The Roman World 368 Andrew Wallace–Hadrill 10 Linking with a Wider World 394 Introduction 394 (a) Greeks and “Barbarians” 396 Sarah P. Morris (b) Romans and “Barbarians” 415 Jane Webster 11 A Place for Art? 439 Introduction 439 (a) Putting the Art into Artifact 442 Caroline Vout (b) Classical Archaeology and the Contexts of Art History 468 Michael Squire Prospective 501 Susan E. Alcock and Robin Osborne Index 506

Susan E. Alcock is Director of the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World and Professor of Classics, Anthropology and Archaeology at Brown University. Her recent books include Archaeologies of the Greek Past: Landscape, Monuments and Memory (2001) and Side–by–Side Survey: Comparative Regional Analysis in the Mediterranean Region (with John F. Cherry, 2004). Robin Osborne is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of King′s College. His recent books include Archaic and Classical Greek Art (1998), Greek Historical Inscriptions 404–323 B.C. (with P. J. Rhodes, 2003), Greek History (2004), Athens and Athenian Democracy (2010) and The History Written on the Classical Greek Body (2011).