The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism

As people across the world become increasingly mobile, questions concerning bilingualism and multilingualism have taken on growing importance from both scholarly and practical points of view. The international circumstances that have developed over the last two decades – in which linguistic and ethnic communities that had previously been politically submerged have asserted themselves – have provided scholars with new opportunities to study the phenomena of individual and societal bilingualism and multilingualism. This timely reference volume explores these questions, discussing the meaning and influence of the phenomena and conceptualization of “hyperglobalization” in the field, and assessing the latest developments in worldwide linguistics, with particular emphasis on geographical centers of global conflict and commerce. The first edition of  The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism , which provided state–of–the–art overviews of the central issues of bilingualism, represented a new integration of interdisciplinary research by a team of internationally renowned scholars. The second edition now benefits from seven new chapters on topics ranging from global media to heritage language learning, and the addition of ten new authors to the contributor team. All but one of the chapters have been revised and in some cases rewritten to provide more extensive, updated overviews of bilingual and multilingual communities, polyglot aphasia, creolization, indigenization, linguistic ecology, endangered languages, multilingualism, and forensic linguistics. The result is a single–volume Handbook that will be an invaluable resource for scholars and students in linguistics, education, anthropology, and global studies.

Acknowledgments xi Contributors xii Introduction xxi Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie Part I Overview and Foundations 1 Introduction 3 Tej K. Bhatia 1 Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Some Central Concepts 5 John Edwards 2 Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research 26 Li Wei Part II Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 53 Introduction 55 William C. Ritchie The Neurology of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 59 3 Bilingual Aphasia: Theoretical and Clinical Considerations 61 Elizabeth Ijalba, Loraine K. Obler, and Shyamala Chengappa Approaches to Bilingualism, Multilingualism, and Second–Language Acquisition 85 4 The Bilingual Child 87 Ludovica Serratrice 5 Bilingualism/Multilingualism and Second–Language Acquisition 109 Yuko Goto Butler 6 Multilingualism: New Perspectives on Syntactic Development 137 Éva Berkes and Suzanne Flynn 7 Bilingualism and the Heritage Language Speaker 168 Silvina Montrul Bilingual and Multilingual Language Use: Knowledge, Comprehension, and Production 191 8 Two Linguistic Systems in Contact: Grammar, Phonology, and Lexicon 193 Pieter Muysken 9 The Comprehension of Words and Sentences in Two Languages 216 Judith F. Kroll and Paola E. Dussias 10 An Appraisal of the Bilingual Language Production System: Quantitatively or Qualitatively Different from Monolinguals? 244 Elin Runnqvist, Ian FitzPatrick, Kristof Strijkers, and Albert Costa Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Memory, Cognition, and Emotion 267 11 Bilingual Memory 269 Roberto R. Heredia and Jeffrey M. Brown 12 Bilingualism and Emotion: Implications for Mental Health 292 Ines Martinovic and Jeanette Altarriba The Bilingual’s and Multilingual’s Repertoire: Code–Mixing, Code–Switching, and Communication Accommodation 321 13 Code–Switching and Grammatical Theory 323 Jeff MacSwan 14 Sign Language–Spoken Language Bilingualism and the Derivation of Bimodally Mixed Sentences 351 Gerald P. Berent 15 Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing 375 William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia 16 Accommodating Multilinguality 391 Itesh Sachdev, Howard Giles, and Anne Pauwels 17 Bilingualism and Gesture 417 Marianne Gullberg Part III Societal Bilingualism/Multilingualism and its Effects 439 Introduction 441 Tej K. Bhatia Language Contact, Maintenance, and Endangerment 443 18 The Bilingual and Multilingual Community 445 Suzanne Romaine 19 Language Maintenance, Language Shift, and Reversing Language Shift 466 Joshua A. Fishman 20 Linguistic Imperialism and Endangered Languages 495 Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb–Kangas 21 Multilingualism, Indigenization, and Creolization 517 Jeff Siegel 22 Multilingualism and Family Welfare 542 Xiao–Lei Wang Bilingualism and Multilingualism: The Media, Education, Literacy, and the Law 563 23 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in the Global Media and Advertising 565 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie 24 Bilingual Education 598 Wayne E. Wright 25 The Impact of Bilingualism on Language and Literacy Development 624 Ellen Bialystok 26 Bilingualism and Writing Systems 649 Benedetta Bassetti 27 Multilingualism and Forensic Linguistics 671 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie Part IV Global Perspectives and Challenges: Case Studies 701 Introduction 703 William C. Ritchie 28 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in North America 707 William F. Mackey 29 Bilingualism in Latin America 725 Anna María Escobar 30 Bilingualism in Europe 745 Andrée Tabouret–Keller 31 Turkish as an Immigrant Language in Europe 770 Ad Backus 32 Multilingualism in Southern Africa 791 Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu 33 Multilingualism in Greater China and the Chinese Language Diaspora 813 Sherman Lee and David C. S. Li 34 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in South Asia 843 Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie 35 Multilingualism and Language Renewal in Ex–Soviet Central Asia 871 Birgit N. Schlyter 36 Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Middle East and North Africa: A Focus on Cross–National and Diglossic Bilingualism/Multilingualism 899 Judith Rosenhouse Index 920

Tej K. Bhatia  is Professor of Linguistics and Director of South Asian Languages at Syracuse University. He is a recipient of the Chancellor’s Citation Award for excellence in research. He has published a number of books, articles and book chapters in the areas of bilingualism, multiculturalism, media discourse, socio– and psycho–linguistics, and the structure and typology of English and South Asian languages. Publications include  Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners  (2000), Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners, 2nd Edition  (2007),  Advertising and Marketing in Rural India, 2nd Edition  (2007), and  The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition  (co–edited with William C. Ritchie, 2009). William C. Ritchie  is Associate Professor of Linguistics at Syracuse University, where he teaches courses in general linguistics and second–language acquisition. His publications include an edited volume entitled  Second Language Acquisition Research: Issues and Implications  (1978). He has co–edited four handbooks with Tej K. Bhatia, including  Handbook of Child Language Acquisition  (1999).

“All in all, this is an excellent volume that can be used as an introduction to a larger portion of the field of language contact than one might find in a single volume elsewhere, and which may be used as a main text for upper–level undergraduate courses as well as for graduate courses on language contact.”  ( Journal of Sociolinguistics , 6 September 2013)   “Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper–division undergraduates through faculty.”  ( Choice, 1 August 2013)