A Companion to Roman Architecture

Roman architecture is arguably the most enduring physical legacy of the classical world. A Companion to Roman Architecture presents a selective overview of the critical issues and approaches that have transformed scholarly understanding of this rich field of study in recent decades. This volume draws on new archaeological discoveries and theoretical approaches in order to provide an updated historical understanding of Roman architecture. Written by leading experts in architectural history who aim to understand Roman architecture as an integrated cultural practice, the Companion covers formal analysis, the design and construction process, the ancient and modern reception of Roman architecture and the dynamic interplay among aesthetics, social structure, politics, and geography in the production and use of Roman architecture. With cross–disciplinary sections covering technology, history, art, politics, and archaeology, this collection is an essential reference work for students and scholars.

List of Illustrations viii Contributors xiii Maps/General Images xviii Introduction 1 1. Italic Architecture of the Earlier First Millennium BCE 6 Jeffrey A. Becker 2. Rome and Her Neighbors: Greek Building Practices in Republican Rome 27 Penelope J.E. Davies 3. Creating Imperial Architecture 45 Inge Nielsen 4. Columns and Concrete: Architecture from Nero to Hadrian 63 Caroline K. Quenemoen 5. The Severan Period 82 Edmund V. Thomas 6. The Architecture of Tetrarchy 106 Emanuel Mayer 7. Architect and Patron 127 James C. Anderson, jr. 8. Plans, Measurement Systems, and Surveying: The Roman Technology of Pre–Building 140 John R. Senseney 9. Materials and Techniques 157 Lynne C. Lancaster and Roger B. Ulrich 10. Labor Force and Execution 193 Rabun Taylor 11. Urban Sanctuaries: The Early Republic to Augustus 207 John W. Stamper 12. Monumental Architecture of Non–Urban Cult Places in Roman Italy 228 Tesse D. Stek 13. Fora 248 James F.D. Frakes 14. Funerary Cult and Architecture 264 Kathryn J. McDonnell 15. Building for an Audience: The Architecture of Roman Spectacle 281 Hazel Dodge 16. Roman Imperial Baths and Thermae 299 Fikret K. Yegül 17. Courtyard Architecture in the Insulae of Ostia Antica 324 Roger B. Ulrich 18. Domus/Single Family House 342 John R. Clarke 19. Private Villas: Italy and the Provinces 363 Mantha Zarmakoupi 20. Romanization 381 Louise Revell 21. Streets and Facades 399 Ray Laurence 22. Vitruvius and his Influence 412 Ingrid D. Rowland 23. Ideological Applications: Roman Architecture and Fascist Romanità 426 Genevieve S. Gessert 24. Visualizing Architecture Then and Now: Mimesis and the Capitoline Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 446 Melanie Grunow Sobocinski 25. Conservation 462 William Aylward Glossary 480 References 501 Index 565

Roger B. Ulrich is Ralph Butterfield Professor of Classics at Dartmouth College, where he teaches Roman Archaeology and Latin and directs Dartmouth’s Rome Foreign Study Program in Italy. He is the author of The Roman Orator and the Sacred Stage : T he Roman Templum Rostratum(1994) and Roman Woodworking (2007). Caroline K. Quenemoen is Professor in the Practice and Director of Fellowships and Undergraduate Research at Rice University. Previously she taught courses in Greek and Roman art and archaeology at Rice. Her research focuses on Roman architecture, including articles on the House of Augustus.