Modern Spain: 1808 to the Present

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List of Maps vii

Preface viii

Acknowledgments xii

Abbreviations and Glossary of Foreign Terms xiv

Political Chronology of Spanish History, 1808 2016 xvii

Part I: 1808 1868: The Era of the Liberal Revolution 1

1 Spain in the Age of Revolutions 3

2 Political Transformation: From the Old Regime to the

Liberal State, 1814 1868 28

Part II: 1868 1923: The Emergence of Mass Politics 49

3 Politics on the Margins of the Liberal State: From 1848 to the Sexenio (1868 1874) 51

4 A New Era of Liberal Politics: The Second Restoration, 1875 1898 67

5 Restoration Politics: From Fin de Siècle to Postwar Crisis, 1898 1923 83

Part III: The Long View: Social, Economic and Cultural Change, 1830 1930 105

6 Economic and Demographic Evolution: 1830 1930 107

7 Culture and Society, 1830 1930 122

Part IV: Dictatorship and Democracy, 1923 Present 143

8 The First Dictatorship: The Primo de Rivera Regime, 1923 1930 145

9 The Second Republic: 1931 1936 158

10 The Civil War: 1936 1939 184

11 The Second Dictatorship: The Franco Regime 209

12 Economic, Social and Cultural Transformation, 1930s 1970s 230

13 The Last Democratic Transition: 1975 1982 250

14 Democratic State and Social Transformation, 1982 2016 266

Notes 282

Works Cited 314

Index 000