A History of Latin America to 1825

The third edition of Peter Bakewell s highly successful narrative history of Latin America features several enhancements and additions, along with the expertise of historian Jacqueline Holler, to reflect the latest scholarship and further improve its utility for students and instructors. The book presents an epic treatment of Latin American history, beginning from the first human presence up to 1825, when the majority of Iberian colonies in America broke free from colonialism to emerge as sovereign states.

This edition of A History of Latin America to 1825 continues its emphasis on fundamental aspects of Latin American history explorations, economy, administration, and politics while addressing the region s major social and cultural influences. Special emphasis is placed on illustrating the connections between changes in the colonies and the sweeping historic changes happening in the colonizing powers, Spain and Portugal. Adding depth and balance to the analysis are personal insights into colonial and pre–colonial Latin American society shared by the authors. Another highlight of this new edition is enhanced coverage of a variety of topics that have contributed to Latin America s rich history, including the history of women, gender, Africans in the Iberian colonies, and pre–Columbian peoples.

Sweeping in scope, and supplemented with over fifty illustrations, maps, and photographs, A History of Latin America to 1825, third edition, provides a vivid analytical narrative of the historic events and cultural influences that shaped early Latin America.

List of Illustrations x

List of Maps xiii

Photo Essay xiv

Series Editor s Preface xv

Preface to the Third Edition xviii

Conventions Used in the Text xix

Maps xx

PART I BASES 1

1 Lands and Climates 5

2 American Peoples 22

Ancient Peoples 26

Formative Peoples 30

Classic Peoples 35

Aztecs and Incas 47

Less Known Cultures 61

3 Iberia and Africa 68

PART II APPROACHES 93

4 Columbus and Others 97

5 Experiment in the Caribbean 109

6 Military Conquest 126

PART III DOMINATION 141

7 Administration: The Power of Paper 145

8 Church: Friars, Bishops, and the State 171

9 Society: Old Orders Changed 195

10 Economy: Ships and Silver 225

Photo Essay 259

PART IV MATURE COLONIES 275

11 The Seventeenth Century: A Slacker Grip 281

Challenges to Spain 281

Production, Taxes, and Trade in America 297

Indians in the Heartlands: Making their own Space 307

Indians on the Peripheries 316

Africans 322

Women 328

Arts, Formal and Popular 338

Varieties of Mestizaje 346

12 Eighteenth–Century Spanish America: Reformed or Deformed? 349

People, Production, and Commerce 351

Bourbon Revisions of Rules and Principles 364

Society: Change and Protest 374

Creole Self–Awareness: Rejection and Reception of Europe 386

The Eighteenth–Century Balance 395

PART V PORTUGAL IN AMERICA 397

13 Colonial Brazil: Slaves, Sugar, and Gold 401

Explorers, Interlopers, and Settlers 401

Indians and Jesuits 406

Sugar 410

People and Government 415

Outsiders: The Dutch, and Others, in Brazil 419

Movement Inland: Slavers, Prospectors, and Stockmen 424

Seventeenth–Century Society 430

The Indians and Father Vieira 433

Government and Economy in the Seventeenth Century 436

The Age of Gold 444

Pombal and Reform 451

Products of Mind and Sensibility 455

PART VI INDEPENDENCE AND BEYOND 463

14 Independence 465

15 Epilogue 495

Glossary 505

Notes 510

Bibliography 536

Index 563

Chronologies for each part appear after the part–title page.

Peter Bakewell is Edmund and Louise Kahn Professor of History at Southern Methodist University and has taught in the US since 1975. His major research and writing has centered on the history of silver mining and related topics in colonial Spanish America. His previous works include Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico: Zacatecas, 1546 1700 (1971) and Silver and Entrepreneurship in Seventeenth–Century Potosí: The Life and Times of Antonio López de Quiroga (1988).

Jacqueline Holler is Associate Professor of History and Women s and Gender Studies at the University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, Canada. She is the author of Escogidas Plantas: Nuns and Beatas in Mexico City, 1531 1601 (2003), and of articles on colonial Mexico.