Basic Elements of Narrative

Basic Elements of Narrative outlines a way of thinking about what narrative is and how to identify its basic elements across the many communicative media in which stories are told and interpreted, exchanged and transformed. Providing a synopsis of key concepts developed by previous theorists, the book contributes original ideas to the growing body of scholarship on stories. Viewing narrative in three ways as a cognitive structure, a type of text, and a resource for communicative interaction this book characterizes stories as a basic human strategy for coming to terms with time, process, and change. Citing examples from literature, face–to–face interaction, graphic novels, and film, David Herman reveals what different stories have in common, and explores what remains constant when the same story is told in different media. Including a glossary of key terms, a full bibliography, and a comprehensive index, Basic Elements of Narrative is designed to be accessible to students as well as educated non–specialists. The concise, up–to–date treatment of foundational concepts also makes this book an ideal reference for scholars in the field.

List of Illustrations.

The Elements.

Preface.

The Scope and Aims of This Book.

Storytelling Media and Modes of Narration.

Acknowledgments.

1. Getting Started: A Thumbnail Sketch of the ApproachDeveloped in This Book.

Toward a Working Definition of Narrative.

Profiles of Narrative.

Narrative: Basic Elements.

2. Background and Context: Framing the Approach.

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Narrative and NarrativeTheory.

Major Trends in Recent Scholarship on Narrative.

3. Back to the Elements: Narrative Occasions.

Situating Stories.

Sociolinguistic Approaches.

Positioning Theory.

The Narrative Communication Model.

Conclusion.

4. Temporality, Particularity, and Narrative: An Excursioninto the Theory of Text Types.

From Contexts of Narration to Narrative as a Type of Text.

Text Types and Categorization Processes.

Narrative as a Text–Type Category: Descriptions vs. Stories vs.Explanations.

Summing up: Text Types, Communicative Competence, and the Roleof Stories in Science.

5. The Third Element: Or, How to Build a Storyworld.

Narratives as Blueprints for Worldmaking.

Narrative Ways of Worldmaking.

Narrative Worlds: A Survey of Approaches.

Configuring Narrative Worlds: The WHAT, WHERE, and WHENDimensions of Storyworlds.

Worlds Disrupted: Narrativity and Noncanonical Events.

6. The Nexus of Narrative and Mind.

The Consciousness Factor.

Consciousness Across Narrative Genres.

Experiencing Minds: What It′s Like, Qualia, Raw Feels.

Storied Minds: Narrative Foundations of Consciousness?.

Appendix.

Reproduction of Ernest Hemingway′s "Hills Like White Elephants"(1927).

Transcript of a Story Told during Face–to–Face Interaction: UFOor the Devil.

Pages from Daniel′s Clowes′s Graphic Novel Ghost World(1997).

Screenshots from Terry Zwigoff′s Film Version of Ghost World(2001).

Glossary.

References.

Index

David Herman teaches in the Department of English at Ohio State University, where he co–founded Project Narrative, a new interdisciplinary initiative designed to promote state–of–the–art research and teaching in the area of narrative studies. He is editor of the Frontiers of Narrative book series and also the new journal Storyworlds, both published by the University of Nebraska Press. Having published many research articles on aspects of narrative, he is the author, editor, or coeditor of eight books in the field, including Universal Grammar and Narrative Form (1995), Narratologies: New Perspectives on Narrative Theory (1999), Story Logic: Problems and Possibilities of Narrative (2002), Narrative Theory and the Cognitive Sciences (2003), The Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory (coedited with Manfred Jahn and Marie–Laure Ryan, 2005), and The Cambridge Companion to Narrative (2007).

"This book has some very valuable pieces of narrative wisdom thatwould be useful to scholars in narrative theory, literary analysisand sociolinguistics...It is, however, a complete and solidcompanion for those con­cerned with the important task offurther developing the field of narrative inquiry." ( DiscourseStudies, December 2010)

"In Basic Elements of Narrative the eminent narratologistDavid Herman offers new ideas about what narrative is . . .Theinterdisciplinary nature of this chicken–and–egg question–whethernarratives represent what it′s like to live in our world or welearn from narratives what it′s like to live in our world–serves asan excellent indication of the breadth of the audience for whichHerman′s book will be thought–provoking." ( Papers on Languageand Literature, 2010)