A Companion to Aristotle

A Companion to Aristotle provides in–depth studies of the main themes of Aristotle′s thought, from art to zoology. Comprising a total of forty essays, it includes sections on his views on metaphysics, psychology, biology, ethics, politics, rhetoric, and art. Written by well–known scholars of the Aristotelian corpus, these essays not only articulate the most widely accepted accounts of Aristotle′s views on certain topics and the assumptions and arguments used to support them, but also offer new ways of reading controversial texts and analyzing complex arguments that lead to original ways of interpreting his writings. Thus the volume provides a comprehensive picture of the central tenets of the complex Aristotelian philosophical system and will assist the reader in seeing the structure of the philosopher′s arguments and the different ways they can be analyzed or interpreted. This Companion will be an excellent aid both to undergraduate and graduate students as well as to scholars and general readers of the Aristotelian texts.

Notes on Contributors xi Preface xvi Abbreviations of Aristotle’s Works xviii Part I ARISTOTLE’S LIFE AND WORKS 1 1 Aristotle’s Life 3 GEORGIOS ANAGNOSTOPOULOS 2 Aristotle’s Works and the Development of His Thought 14 GEORGIOS ANAGNOSTOPOULOS Part II THE TOOLS OF INQUIRY 29 3 Deductive Logic 31 DAVID KEYT 4 Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstration 51 ROBIN SMITH 5 Empiricism and the First Principles of Aristotelian Science 66 MICHAEL FEREJOHN 6 Aristotle on Signification and Truth 81 PAOLO CRIVELLI 7 Aristotle’s Methods 101 GEORGIOS ANAGNOSTOPOULOS Part III THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 123 A. Metaphysics 8 The Science and Axioms of Being 125 MICHAEL V. WEDIN 9 Aristotelian Categories 144 GARETH B. MATTHEWS 10 Form and Matter 162 FRANK A. LEWIS 11 Aristotle on Universals 186 MICHAEL J. LOUX 12 Substances 197 S. MARC COHEN 13 Causes 213 R. J. HANKINSON 14 Heavenly Bodies and First Causes 230 SARAH BROADIE B. Physics 15 Mixing the Elements 242 THEODORE SCALTSAS 16 Aristotle on the Infi nite, Space, and Time 260 MICHAEL J. WHITE 17 Change and Its Relation to Actuality and Potentiality 277 URSULA COOPE C. Psychology 18 The Aristotelian Psuchê 292 CHRISTOPHER SHIELDS 19 Sensation and Desire 310 DEBORAH KAREN WARD MODRAK 20 Phantasia and Thought 322 VICTOR CASTON D. Biology 21 Teleology in Living Things 335 MOHAN MATTHEN 22 Form, Essence, and Explanation in Aristotle’s Biology 348 JAMES G. LENNOX 23 Generation of Animals 368 DEVIN M. HENRY Part IV PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE 385 A. Ethics 24 Happiness and the Structure of Ends 387 GABRIEL RICHARDSON LEAR 25 Pleasure 404 GEORGE RUDEBUSCH 26 Human Excellence in Character and Intellect 419 GAVIN LAWRENCE 27 Courage 442 CHARLES M. YOUNG 28 Justice 457 CHARLES M. YOUNG 29 Friendship 471 MICHAEL PAKALUK 30 Voluntary, Involuntary, and Choice 483 ROBERT HEINAMAN 31 Aristotle on Action, Practical Reason, and Weakness of the Will 498 NORMAN O. DAHL B. Politics 32 The Naturalness of the Polis in Aristotle 512 C. D. C. REEVE 33 Rulers and Ruled 526 ROBERT MAYHEW 34 Aristotle on the Ideal Constitution 540 FRED D. MILLER, JR. 35 Excellences of the Citizen and of the Individual 555 JEAN ROBERTS 36 Education and the State 566 RICHARD STALLEY Part V PRODUCTIVE KNOWLEDGE 577 A. Rhetoric 37 The Nature and Goals of Rhetoric 579 CHRISTOF RAPP 38 Passions and Persuasion 597 STEPHEN LEIGHTON B. Art 39 Aristotle’s Poetics: The Aim of Tragedy 612 PAUL WOODRUFF 40 The Elements of Tragedy 628 ELIZABETH BELFIORE Index 643

Georgios Anagnostopoulos is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego, where he teaches classical philosophy, ethics and metaphysics. His research has focused on Greek ethics and epistemology and ancient views on the arts and sciences, especially medicine. He is the author of Aristotle on the Goals and Exactness of Ethics (1994).

"Georgios Anagnostopolous is to be congratulated on completing what must have been a time–consuming and exacting task. Even those few essays in this volume that might (arguably) lack the sure and effortless touch contain solid and respectable contributions and the bar has been set pretty high by most of these authors." ( Bryn Mawr , 2010) "This companion will be a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scholars." ( CHOICE, 2009)