Engineering Hydrology of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Features

 

Addresses the growing issue of water scarcity due to pollution, wasteful utilization, and dwindling institutional capacities Covers basic and applied research, sustained water education, and training programs Provides numerous case studies from several watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions Supplies hydrology modeling software related to arid and semi-arid regions on www.crcpress.com Describes state-of-the-art technologies for rainwater harvesting and catchment systems, and streamflow routing Includes hydrological networking, water runoff, and rainfall analyses for different regions Contains solved problems to demonstrate and explain usage of different theories and equations presented Explores the advantages of new techniques and instrumentations and the needed financial and human resources support Summary

The natural scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions, aggravated by man-made factors, makes it difficult to achieve a reliable water resources supply. Communities in these areas pay the price for thousands of years of water manipulation. Presenting important insight into the complexities of arid region hydrology, Engineering Hydrology of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions explores the key components for formulating and implementing integrated management approaches in catchment (wadi) systems.

The book introduces the engineering hydrology of arid and semi-arid regions, covering meteorological processes and hydrology. The author discusses precipitation and precipitation losses, catchment characteristics, and runoff estimation methods. He also examines streamflow measurements and hydrographs, flood routing, and groundwater hydrology, including the basic equations of groundwater flow and analytic solutions describing flow aquifers, pumping tests, and salt water intrusion. Building on this foundation, the book then delineates sediment yield in watersheds and streams and the design of hydraulic structures for protection and management of water resources systems. It includes case studies, conversion tables, and modeling software.

During the last two decades, research efforts and networking have enhanced the state of knowledge about arid and semi-arid areas, especially watershed and catchment systems. Pulling this information together into a comprehensive resource, this book provides a better understanding of wadi hydrology, capacity-building processes, water education and training, and institutional development. This understanding can then be used to select the appropriate tools to support water management and optimize the sustainable use of water resources.

"When the well is dry, we learn the worth of water" 
— Benjamin Franklin

Table of Contents

Introduction
General Remarks
Engineering Hydrology for Arid and Semiarid Regions
Hydrologic Cycle
Hydrologic Systems
Wadi Hydrology
Modeling
References
Bibliography 

Meteorological Processes and Hydrology
Introduction
Solar and Earth Radiations
Temperature
Humidity
Wind
Climate Change
References

Precipitation
Introduction
Forms of Precipitation
Measurement of Precipitation 
Precipitation Gauge Network
Interpretation of Precipitation Data
Average Precipitation over an Area
Design Storms
References
Suggested Reading

Precipitation Losses
Introduction
Evaporation
Empirical Evaporation Equations
Estimation of Evaporation by Analytical Methods
Reservoir Evaporation and Methods for Its Reduction
Evaporation and Transpiration
Interception
Surface Retention Loss
Recommended Methods for Estimating Rainfall Losses
Measurement of Infiltration
Infiltration Indexes 
References

Catchment Characteristics and Runoff
Introduction
Catchment Characteristics
Estimation of Runoff
References 

Stream Flow Measurement
Introduction
Measurement of Stages
Flow-Measuring Structures
References

Stream-Flow Hydrographs
Introduction
Characteristics of the Hydrograph
Hydrograph Separation
The Unit Hydrograph Concept
Derivations of Unit Hydrographs from Simple Hydrogaphs
Derivation of Unit Hydrograph from Complex Storms
Unit Hydrographs for Various Durations
Synthetic Unit Hydrographs
Hydrograph of Overland Flow
References
Bibliography

Flood Routing
Introduction
Hydraulic Routing Techniques
Hydrologic Routing Techniques
Case Study: Flood Routing for the HighAswan Dam Reservoir
References

Groundwater Hydrology 
Introduction
Distribution of Subsurface Water
Groundwater Flow Theories
Hydraulics of the Well and Its Design
SLUG Tests
Groundwater Recharge
Application 
Groundwater Pollution
References

Sediment Yield from Watersheds
Introduction
Sediment-Yield Theories
Reservoir Sedimentation
References

Hydraulic Structures
Introduction
Crossing Works
Control and Storage Works
References
Bibliography

Case Studies
Case Study 1 Water Resources Management in Wadi Naghamish at the North Coastal Zone of Egypt
Case Study 2 Urbanization Impacts on the Hydrological System of Catchments in Arid and Semiarid Regions
Case Study 3 Runoff Simulation Using Different Precipitation Loss Methods
Case Study 4 Design of Salboukh Flood Control System, in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Appendix A: Conversion Tables 
Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix C: Statistics and Stochastic Analysis in Hydrology
Appendix D: A Simplified Model for Hydrograph Development in Arid and Semiarid Regions
Index