Virology: Principles and Applications

Virology is a fascinating and rapidly developing subject. The introduction of new laboratory techniques and the continued application of established methods are producing a wealth of new information. Virology is a branch of science that is of immense relevance to mankind for a host of reasons, not least of which is the threat to human health caused by viruses, such as HIV, the hepatitis B virus, papillomaviruses, measles and influenza viruses, to mention just a few.

The second edition of Virology is an accessible introduction designed to enable students to understand the principles of virus structure, replication and genetics. The aim of this book is to help the reader appreciate the relevance of virology in the modern world, including the fields of vaccines, anti–viral drugs and cancer. There is also a chapter on prions. The second edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the many developments in virology and offers deeper insights into the subject. Newly–discovered viruses are discussed and there is an additional chapter on the influenza virus.

Highlights include:

Numerous diagrams carefully developed with standard colour coding to enhance student understanding An introduction to the relevance of virology to the modern world, including the latest developments in the field An introduction to the theories behind the origins of viruses and how they are evolving, with discussion on emerging viruses

Aimed at undergraduate students of biology, microbiology and biomedical sciences taking courses in virology, this is also an invaluable resource for graduate students who have previously studied little or no virology and are looking for an accessible introduction to the subject. A companion website with additional resources for instructors can be found at www.wiley.com/college/carter and includes animations of virus replication cycles.

Preface to Second Edition xix

Preface to First Edition xxi

Abbreviations Used in This Book xxiii

Greek Letters Used in This Book xxvii

Color Coding for Molecules xxix

Chapter 1 Viruses and Their Importance 1

Chapter 2 Methods Used in Virology 9

Chapter 3 Virus Structure 27

Chapter 4 Virus Transmission 45

Chapter 5 Attachment and Entry of Viruses into Cells 55

Chapter 6 Transcription, Translation, and Transport 65

Chapter 7 Virus Genome Replication 83

Chapter 8 Assembly and Exit of Virions from Cells 93

Chapter 9 Outcomes of Infection for the Host 101

Chapter 10 Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses 115

Chapter 11 Herpesviruses (and Other dsDNA Viruses) 121

Chapter 12 Parvoviruses (and Other ssDNA Viruses) 135

Chapter 13 Reoviruses (and Other dsRNA Viruses) 145

Chapter 14 Picornaviruses (and Other Plus–Strand RNA Viruses)155

Chapter 15 Rhabdoviruses (and Other Minus–Strand RNA Viruses)169

Chapter 16 Influenza Virus 183

Chapter 17 Retroviruses 195

Chapter 18 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 207

Chapter 19 Hepadnaviruses (and Other Reverse–Transcribing DNAViruses) 223

Chapter 20 Bacterial Viruses 237

Chapter 21 Origins and Evolution of Viruses 263

Chapter 22 Emerging Viruses 277

Chapter 23 Viruses and Cancer 289

Chapter 24 Survival of Infectivity 301

Chapter 25 Virus Vaccines 307

Chapter 26 Anti–viral Drugs 315

Chapter 27 Prions 327

Virologists Vocabulary 335

Index 347