Essential Orthodontics

The Dentistry Essentials are an international series of textbooks, designed to support lecture series or themes on core topics within dentistry.

Essential Orthodontics is a comprehensive introduction to the biological principles of orthodontics. This book covers the why, when and how of orthodontics, enabling readers to identify which individuals need to be treated, to diagnose based on individual dentofacial development, and to understand the mechanical principles and tissue responses involved.

Divided into three parts, this authoritative resource covers pretreatment considerations, treatment principles of skeletal and dentoalveolar anomalies, and tissue response to orthodontic and orthopaedic forces. Classification of malocclusions and craniofacial growth and development are discussed, and the text explores how to distinguish between normal occlusion and malocclusions. Essential Orthodontics outlines how to perform a comprehensive orthodontic examination leading to an orthodontic diagnosis, and the formation of a treatment plan.

Following a student–friendly layout with key topics and learning objectives, Essential Orthodontics is an accessible yet comprehensive resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate dental students.

List of Abbreviations vii

Preface ix

Acknowledgement xi

Part 1 Pretreatment Considerations 1

1 Orthodontic panorama 3
Birgit Linnea Thilander, Erik Krister Bjerklin and Lars Johan Bondemark

2 Classification of malocclusions 7
Lars Johan Bondemark

3 Craniofacial growth and development 21
Birgit Linnea Thilander

4 Diagnostic examinations 45
Erik Krister Bjerklin and Lars Johan Bondemark

Part 2 Treatment Principles of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Anomalies 57

5 Sagittal, vertical and transversal discrepancies between the jaws 59
Lars Johan Bondemark

6 Crowding of teeth 81
Erik Krister Bjerklin and Lars Johan Bondemark

7 Spacing of teeth 93
Birgit Linnea Thilander and Erik Krister Bjerklin

8 Malposition of single teeth 101
Erik Krister Bjerklin

Part 3 Tissue Response to Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Forces 113

9 Tissue response to orthodontic forces 115
Brigit Linnea Thilander

10 Tissue response to orthopaedic forces 129
Birgit Linnea Thilander

11 Possible adverse tissue reactions 137
Birgit Linnea Thilander and Lars Johan Bondemark

12 Retention and post–retention outcome 149
Birgit Linnea Thilander, Erik Krister Bjerklin and Lars Johan Bondemark

Index 157

About the Authors

Birgit Thilander was formerly Professor Emerita at the Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Krister Bjerklin is Associate Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education in Jönköping, Sweden.

Lars Bondemark is Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden.