Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture

Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture.

This volume examines questions such as:

What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? How do on–fault and off–fault properties affect seismic ruptures? How do fault zones evolve over time?

Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.

Contributors vii

Preface xi

Part I: Structural Evidences of Coseismic Slip 1

1 Incipient Pulverization at Shallow Burial Depths Along the San Jacinto Fault, Southern California
James J. Whearty, Thomas K. Rockwell, and Gary H. Girty 3

2 Seismic Rupture Parameters Deduced From a Pliocene ]Pleistocene Fault Pseudotachylyte in Taiwan
Caitlyn S. Korren, Eric C. Ferre, En –Chao Yeh, Yu ]Min Chou, and Hao ]Tsu Chu 21

3 Fluid Inclusion Evidence of Coseismic Fluid Flow Induced by Dynamic Rupture
Thomas M. Mitchell, Jose M. Cembrano, Kazuna Fujita, Kenichi Hoshino, Daniel R. Faulkner, Pamela Perez Flores, Gloria Arancibia, Marieke Rempe, and Rodrigo Gomila 37

4 Coseismic Damage Generation and Pulverization in Fault Zones: Insights From Dynamic Split ]Hopkinson Pressure Bar Experiments
Franciscus M. Aben, Mai –Linh Doan, Jean ]Pierre Gratier, and François Renard 47

5 Coseismic Foliations in Gouge and Cataclasite: Experimental Observations and Consequences for Interpreting the Fault Rock Record
Steven A. F. Smith, James R. Griffiths, Michele Fondriest, and Giulio Di Toro 81

Part II: Fault Properties During Dynamic Rupture 103

6 The Transition From Frictional Sliding to Shear Melting in Laboratory Stick ]Slip Experiments
David A. Lockner, Brian D. Kilgore, Nicholas M. Beeler, and Diane E. Moore 105

7 Powder Rolling as a Mechanism of Dynamic Fault Weakening
Xiaofeng Chen, Andrew S. Elwood Madden, and Ze ev Reches 133

8 Earthquake Source Properties From Instrumented Laboratory Stick ]Slip
Brian D. Kilgore, Art McGarr, Nicholas M. Beeler, and David A. Lockner 151

9 Dynamic Weakening and the Depth Dependence of Earthquake Faulting
Nicolas Brantut and John D. Platt 171

Part III: Influence of Fault Properties on Coseismic Rupture 195

10 Scaling of Fault Roughness and Implications for Earthquake Mechanics
François Renard and Thibault Candela 197

11 Fault Branching and Long ]Term Earthquake Rupture Scenario for Strike ]Slip Earthquakes
Yann Klinger, Jin –Hyuck Choi, and Amaury Vallage 217

12 Influence of Fault Strength on Precursory Processes During Laboratory Earthquakes
François. X. Passelègue, Soumaya Latour, Alexandre Schubnel, Stefan Nielsen, Harsha S. Bhat, and Raúl Madariaga 229

13 Upper Limit on Damage Zone Thickness Controlled by Seismogenic Depth
Jean Paul Ampuero and Xiaolin Mao  243

14 Effect of Brittle Off ]Fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture Dynamics
Marion Y. Thomas, Harsha S. Bhat, and Yann Klinger 255

Index 281

Marion Y. Thomas, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
Thomas M. Mitchell, University College London, UK
Harsha S. Bhat, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France