Global Health: Issues, Challenges, and Global Action

Global Health Lecture Notes: Issues, Challenges and Global Action provides a thorough introduction to a wide range of important global health issues and explores the resources and skills needed for this rapidly expanding area.

Global Health is a growing area that reflects the increasing interconnectedness of health and its determinants. Major socio–economic, environmental and technological changes have produced new challenges, and exacerbated existing health inequalities experienced in both developed and developing countries. This textbook focuses on managing and preventing these challenges, as well as analysing critical links between health, disease, and socio–economic development through a multi–disciplinary approach.

Featuring learning objectives and discussion points, Global Health Lecture Notes is an indispensable resource for global health students, faculty and practitioners who are looking to build on their understanding of global health issues.

Preface

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1 Essentials of Global Health 1

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

1.1 Evolution of Global Health

1.2 Concept of Global Health

1.3 Key Global Health Concepts

1.4 Defining Features of Global Health

1.5 Global versus International Health: Similarities and Differences

1.6 Significance of Global Health in Today s World

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 2 Globalization, Infectious Diseases and Global Health 16

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

2.1 Epidemiological Transitions

2.2 Concept of Globalization

2.3 Evolution and Features of Globalization

2.4 Disease and Human History

2.5 Emerging and Re–emerging Infectious Diseases

2.6 World Trade and Global Health

2.7 Effects of Globalization on Health

2.8 Health Challenges Due to Globalization

2.9 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 3 Non–Communicable Diseases 31

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

3.1 Concept of Non–communicable Diseases

3.2 Types of Non–communicable Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer

Respiratory Diseases

Mental Illness

3.3 Non–communicable Disease Risk Factors

3.4 Challenges of Non–communicable Disease Prevention and Control

3.5 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 4 Global Burden of Disease and Measurement 64

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

4.1 Health and Disease

4.2 Social Determinants of Health

4.3 Key Health Status Indicators

4.4 Concept of Global Burden of Disease

4.5 Indicators for Measuring Global Burden of Disease

4.6 Rationale for Measuring Global Burden of Disease

4.7 Patterns of Global Disease Distribution

4.8 Global Burden of Disease Challenges

4.9 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 5 Culture, Behavior and Global Health 81

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

5.1 Concept of Culture

5.2 Significance of Culture to Health

5.3 Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disease

5.4 Cultural Practices that Impact Health

5.5 Theories of Health Behavior

5.6 Cultural Competency Skills for Global Health

5.7 Health Behavior Challenges

5.8 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 6 Water, Sanitation, and Global Health 93

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

6.1 Key Water and Sanitation Terms

6.2 Water and Sanitation–Related Diseases

6.3 Women, Water, and Sanitation

6.4 Effects of Unsafe Water and Sanitation on Global Health

6.5 Investing in Safe Water Supply and Sanitation

6.6 Global Water and Sanitation Coverage and Progress Made

6.7 Global Water and Sanitation Challenges

6.8 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 7 Global Hunger, Nutrition and Food Security 111

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

7.1 Global Hunger and Malnutrition

7.2 Key Concepts Related to Hunger and Malnutrition

7.3 Micronutrient Deficiencies

7.4 Global Burden of Hunger and Malnutrition

7.5 Food Security

7.6 Measuring Hunger and Nutritional Status

7.7 Challenges of Hunger, Malnutrition, and Food Security

7.8 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 8 Global Health and Human Rights 126

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

8.1 Concept of Human Rights

8.2 International and Regional Human Rights Instruments

8.3 The Right to Health

8.4 The Right to Health and Special Populations

Children and Adolescents

Women

Migrants

Persons with Disabilities

8.5 Global and National Obligations towards the Right to Health

8.6 Challenges of the Rights to Health

8.7 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 9 Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies 140

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

9.1 Concept of Disaster

9.2 Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

9.3 Global Instances of Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

9.4 Global Impact of Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

9.5 Managing Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

9.6 Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Management Challenges

9.7 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 10 Gender and Global Sexual and Reproductive Health 158

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

10.1 Gender versus Sex

10.2 Gender Roles and Power Relations

10.3 Concepts of Sexual and Reproductive Health

10.4 Reproductive Ill–Health and Global Disease Burden

10.5 Unsafe Abortion

10.6 Gender–Based Violence

10.7 Family Planning

10.8 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

10.9 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 11 Health Systems and Global Health 174

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

11.1 Concept of Health System

11.2 Health System Models, Goals, and Building Blocks

11.3 Health System Resources

11.4. Health Systems in Low–and Middle–Income Countries

11.5 Health System Strengthening

11.6 Health System Challenges

11.7 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 12 Financing Global Health 185

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

12.1 Concept of Health Financing

12.2 Functions of Health Financing

12.3 Methods of Health Financing

Internal/Local Methods

External Methods

12.4 Health Expenditure in Low, Middle, and High–income Countries

12.5 Determinants of Health Expenditure

12.6 Global Health Financing Challenges

12.7 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 13 Ethics in Global Health Research, Design, and Practice 204

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

13.1 Concept of Research Ethics

13.2 Historical Background of Ethics in Health Research

13.3 Ethics in Global Health Research

13.4 Ethical Issues in Global Health Research in Resource–Poor Settings

13.5 Controversies and Challenges in Global Health Research of Global Health Research

13.6 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 14 Health Related Millennium Development Goals and Global Health 214

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

14.1 Health–related Millennium Development Goals Targets and Indicators

MDG 4 Child Mortality

MDG 5 Maternal Health

MDG6 HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases

14.2 Health–related MDG Progress

14.3 Critique of the Health–Related Millennium Development Goals

14.4 Health–Related Millennium Development Goals Challenges

14.5 Global Action and Strategies

14.6 Post Millennium Development Goals

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 15 Global Heath Partnerships and Governance 231

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

15.1 Concept of Global Health Partnerships

15.2 Purpose and Benefits of Global Health Partnerships

15.3 Characteristics of Good Global Health Partnerships

15.4 Focus of Global Health Partnerships

15.5 Actors and Funders of Global Health Partnerships

15.6 Successes of Global Health Partnerships

15.7 Concept and Purpose of Global Health Governance

15.8 Challenges of Global Health Partnerships and Governance

15.9 Global Action and Strategies

Discussion Points

References

Chapter 16 Evaluating Global Health Programs, Projects, and Interventions 247

Learning Objectives

Summary of Key Points

16.1 Concept of Evaluation

16.2 Key Evaluation Concepts

16.3 Rationale for Evaluating Global Health Programs and Interventions

16.4 Program Evaluation Framework

16.5 Program Evaluation Standards

16.6 Types of Evaluation

16.7 Logic Model and Evaluation Plan Design

16.8 Real World Evaluation Challenges

16.9 Global Action and Strategies

16.10 Discussion Points

Discussion Points

References