Foundations for Community Health Workers

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO BECOMING A COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER

Revised and updated, the second edition of Foundations for Community Health Workers offers a comprehensive introduction to the essential skills community health workers (CHWs) need to be effective professionals. Concepts and values of social justice, cultural humility, and client–centered practice are emphasized throughout the text.

With contributions from experts in the field, the second edition:

Reviews the core competencies for serving the community successfully including the scope of practice, ethics, client–centered counseling, care management, and home visiting Examines the professional skills needed such as effective communication, conflict resolution, stress management, working with supervisors, and interviewing for jobs Offers new information on key health issues including chronic conditions management, promoting healthy eating and active living, understanding trauma, and promoting the health of formerly incarcerated people

The second edition also contains short educational videos that illustrate essential CHW concepts and skills and reveals how to avoid common missteps. The new companion Training Guide includes step–by–step lesson plans, case studies, role plays, assessments, and video tutorials, with links to even more resources for teaching and training CHWs. The Training Guide and videos are available online through the companion website.

Foundations for Community Health Workers provides a practical and comprehensive guide for developing CHWs who play a vital role in helping to create a more healthy and just world.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii

ABOUT THE AUTHORS  ix

INTRODUCTION xiii

Part 1 Community Health Work: The Big Picture 1

1 THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS  3
Darouny Somsanith Janey Skinner

2 THE EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER FIELD IN THE UNITED STATES: THE SHOULDERS WE STAND ON  29
E. Lee Rosenthal J. Nell Brownstein

3 AN INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH  63
Tim Berthold Janey Skinner Sharon Turner

4 HEALTH FOR ALL: PROMOTING HEALTH EQUALITY  83
Janey Skinner Tim Berthold

5 AN INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE AND HEALTH POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES  109
Len Finocchio Ellen Wu

Part 2 Core Competencies for Providing Direct Services  133

6 PRACTICING CULTURAL HUMILITY 135
Abby Rincón

7 GUIDING PRINCIPLES 155
Tim Berthold Edith Guillén–Núñez

8 CONDUCTING INITIAL CLIENT INTERVIEWS  199
Tim Berthold Mickey Ellinger

9 CLIENT–CENTERED COUNSELING FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE  221
Tim Berthold Darouny Somsanith

10 CARE MANAGEMENT 259
Tim Berthold Craig Wenzl Emily Marinelli

11 HOME VISITING  299
Craig Wenzl Tim Berthold Emily Marinelli

Part 3 Enhancing Professional Skills  319

12 STRESS MANAGEMENT AND SELF CARE 321
Joani Marinoff Tim Berthold Sal Núñez

13 CONFLICT RESOLUTION SKILLS  345
Darlene Weide Joani Marinoff Tim Berthold

14 PROFESSIONAL SKILLS: GETTING A JOB, KEEPING A JOB, AND GROWING ON THE JOB  369
Amber Straus Rhonella C. Owens Tim Berthold Jeni Miller

Part 4 Applying Core Competencies to Key Health Issues 391

15 PROMOTING THE HEALTH OF FORMERLY INCARCERATED PEOPLE  393
Donna Willmott

16 INTRODUCTION TO CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT 419
Tim Berthold Jill Tregor David Spero

17 PROMOTING HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING  457
Tim Berthold Jill Tregor

18 UNDERSTANDING TRAUMA AND SUPPORTING THE RECOVERY OF SURVIVORS  487
Tim Berthold Janey Skinner

Part 5 Working with Groups and Communities  547

19 HEALTH OUTREACH 549
Craig Wenzl Tim Berthold Emily Marinelli

20 FACILITATING COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION TRAININGS  577
Jill Tregor

21 GROUP FACILITATION 601
Philip Colgan Joani Marinoff Tim Berthold

22 COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS  633
Susana Hennessey Lavery Mele Lau–Smith Alma Avila Janey Skinner Jill Tregor Tim Berthold

23 COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND ADVOCACY  665
Alma Avila Janey Skinner

VIDEO INDEX 689

AUTHOR INDEX 693

SUBJECT INDEX 697

TIM BERTHOLD is a faculty member with the Health Education Department at City College of San Francisco. He has worked with community health workers in public health and educational settings for more than twenty–five years.