Wideband RF Technologies and Antennas in Microwave Frequencies

Presents wideband RF technologies and antennas in the microwave band and millimeter–wave band

This book provides an up–to–date introduction to the technologies, design, and test procedures of RF components and systems at microwave frequencies. The book begins with a review of the elementary electromagnetics and antenna topics needed for students and engineers with no basic background in electromagnetic and antenna theory. These introductory chapters will allow readers to study and understand the basic design principles and features of RF and communication systems for communications and medical applications. After this introduction, the author examines MIC, MMIC, MEMS, and LTCC technologies. The text will also present information on meta–materials, design of microwave and mm wave systems, along with a look at microwave and mm wave receivers, transmitters and antennas.

Discusses printed antennas for wireless communication systems and wearable antennas for communications and medical applications Presents design considerations with both computed and measured results of RF communication modules and CAD tools Includes end–of–chapter problems and exercises

Wideband RF Technologies and Antennas in Microwave Frequencies is designed to help electrical engineers and undergraduate students to understand basic communication and RF systems definition, electromagnetic and antennas theory and fundamentals with minimum integral and differential equations.

Albert Sabban, PhD, is a Senior Researcher and Lecturer at Ort Braude College Karmiel Israel. Dr. Sabban was RF and antenna specialist at communication and Biomedical Hi–tech Companies. He designed wearable compact antennas to medical systems. From 1976 to 2007, Dr. Albert Sabban worked as a senior R&D scientist and project leader in RAFAEL.

Dedication

Acknowledgements to my family

Preface

Chapter 1: Electromagnetic Waves Propagation and Applications

1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum

1.2 Free Space Propagation

1.3 Friis Transmission Formula

1.4 Link Budget Examples

1.5 Noise

1.6 Communication Systems Link Budget

1.7 Path loss

1.8 Receiver Sensitivity

1.9 Receivers Definitions and Features

1.10 Types of radars

1.11 Transmitters Definitions and Features

References

Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines for RF Designers

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Electromagnetic Waves

2.3 Transmission lines           

2.4 Matching Techniques

2.5 Coaxial transmission line

2.6 Microstrip Line

2.7 Materials

References

Chapter 3: Basic Antennas for Communication Systems

3.1 Introduction to Antennas

3.2 Antenna Parameters

3.3 Dipole Antenna

3.4 Basic Aperture Antennas

3.5 Horn Antennas

3.6 Antenna Arrays for Communication Systems

References

Chapter 4: MIC and MMIC Microwave and MM Wave Technologies

4.1 Introduction

4.2 MIC– Microwave Integrated Circuits Modules

4.3 DEVELOPMENT and FABRICATION of a Compact Integrated RF–HEAD for Inmarsat–M Ground Terminal

4.4 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits

References

Chapter 5: Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems

5.1 Printed Antennas

5.2 Microstrip Antennas

5.3 Two Layers Stacked Microstrip Antennas

5.4 Stacked Mono–pulse Ku Band Patch Antenna

5.5 Loop Antennas

5.6 Wired Loop Antenna

5.7 Radiation pattern of a Loop antenna near a metal sheet

5.8 Planar inverted–F antenna (PIFA)

References

Chapter 6: MIC and MMIC MM Wave Receiving Channel Modules

6.1 18 to 40 GHz Compact RF Modules

6.2 18 to 40 GHz Front End

6.3 18 to 40 GHz Integrated Compact Switched Filter Bank Module

6.4 Frequency Source Unit, FSU, Performance

6.5 FSU design and analysis

6.6 FSU Fabrication

6.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Integrated Out Door Unit for MM Wave Satellite Communication Applications

7.1 The Out Door Unit, ODU, Description

7.2 The Low Noise unit, LNB

7.3 Solid State Power Amplifier, SSPA, output Power Requirements

7.4 Isolation between Receiving, Rx, and Transmitting, Tx, Channels

7.5 Solid State Power Amplifier, SSPA

7.6 The ODU Mechanical Package

7.7 Low noise and low cost k–band compact receiving channel for VSAT satellite communication ground terminal

7.8 KA–band integrated high power amplifiers, SSPA, for VSAT satellite communication ground terminal

7.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8: MIC and MMIC Integrated RF Heads

8.1 Integrated Ku Band Automatic Tracking System

8.2 Super Compact X band Mono–pulse Transceiver

References

Chapter 9: MIC and MMIC Components and Modules Design

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Passive elements

9.3 Power Dividers and Combiners

9.4 RF Amplifiers

9.5 Linearity of RF Amplifiers, Active Devices

9.6 Wide Band Phased Array Direction Finding System

9.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 10: Micro–Electro–Mechanical Systems, MEMS, Technology

10.1 Introduction

10.2 MEMS Technology

10.3 W Band MEMS Detection Array

10.4 Array Fabrication and Measurement

10.5 Mutual Coupling Effects between Pixels

10.6 MEMS Bow–Tie Dipole with Bolometer

10.7 220GHz Microstrip patch antenna

10.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 11: Low Temperature Co–fired ceramic Technology, LTCC

11.1 Introduction

11.2 LTCC and HTCC Technology Features

11.3 LTCC and HTCC Technology Process

11.4 Design of High Pass LTCC Filters

11.5 Comparison of Single–Layer and Multi–Layer Microstrip circuits

11.6 LTCC Multilayer Technology Design Considerations

11.7 Capacitor and Inductor Quality, Q, Factor

11.8 Summary of LTCC Process Advantages and Limitations

11.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: Advance Antenna Technologies for Communication System

12.1 New Wideband Wearable Meta Materials Antennas for Communication Applications

12.2 Stacked Patch Antenna Loaded with SRR

12.3 Patch Antenna Loaded with Splitting Rings Resonators

12.4 Meta–Material Antenna Characteristics in Vicinity to the Human Body

12.5 Meta–Material Wearable Antennas

12.6 Wideband Stacked Patch with SRR

12.7 Fractal Printed Antennas

12.8 Anti–radar fractals and/or multilevel chaff dispersers

12.9 Definition of multi–level structure

12.10 Advanced antenna system

12.11 Applications of Fractal Printed Antennas

12.12 Conclusions

References

Chapter 13: Wearable Communication and Medical Systems

13.1 Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Applications

13.2 Dually Polarized wearable 434 MHz Printed Antenna

13.3 New Loop Antenna with Ground Plane

13.4 Antenna S11 Variation as Function of Distance from Body

13.5 Wearable Antennas

13.6 Compact Dual Polarized Printed Antenna

13.7 Compact Wearable RFID Antennas

13.8 434MHz Receiving Channel for Communication and Medical Systems

References

Chapter 14: RF Measurements

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Multiport networks with N ports

14.3 Scattering Matrix

14.4 S parameters measurements

14.5 Transmission Measurements

14.6 Output power and linearity measurements

14.7 Power Input Protection Measurement

14.8 Non Harmonic Spurious Measurements

14.9 Switching Time Measurements

14.10 IP2 Measurements

14.11 IP3 Measurements

14.12 Noise Figure Measurements

14.13 Antenna Measurements

14.14 Antenna Range Setup

References

Index