Essentials of Radiation Heat Transfer

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Important of thermal radiation 1 1.2 Nature of radiation 6 2 Black body and its characteristics 11 2.1 Key attributes of a black body 13 2.2 Solid angle – d w 19 2.3 Spectral or monochromatic radiation intensity 23 2.4 Spectral hemispherical emissive power 24 2.5 Radiation pressure 28 2.6 Ralationship between the intensity, I and temperature T 33 2.7 Planck′s distribution 38 2.8 The Rayleigh Jeans distribution 39 2.9 Planck′s distribution salient features 52 Problems 64 3 Radiative properties of non–black surfaces 67 3.1 Why do we need a gray body model" 68 3.2 Spectral directional emissivity 70 3.3 Hemispherical spectral emissive 72 3.4 Directional total emissivity 73 3.5 Hemispherical total emissivity, &epsis;(T) 74 3.6 Absorptivity, α 84 3.7 Spectral directional absorptivity , α′ 87 3.8 Hemispherical spectral absorptivity 91 3.10 Hemispherical total absorptivity, α (T A ) 93 3.11 Reflectivity, p 100 3.12 Transmissivity, T 3.13 Spectral transmissivity 104 Problems 112 4 Radiation hear transfer between surfaces 115 4.1 Enclosure theory 116 4.2 View factor 118 4.3 View factor algebra 121 4.4 View factors from direct integration 134 4.5 Enclosure analysis 150 Problems 172 5 Radiation in participating media 179 5.1 Principal difficulties in studying gas radiation 183 5.2 Important properties for study of gas radiation 183 5.3 Equation of transfer or Radiative transfer equation (RTE) 184 5.4 Solution for the straight path 189 5.5 Heat fluxes 190 Problems 216 6 Introduction to atmospheric radiation 217 6.1 Introduction 217 6.2 Electromagnetic spectrum 217 6.3 Black body radiation 218 6.4 Radiative transfer equation for a plane parallel atmosphere 220 6.5 Radiative transfer equation (RTE) for an absorbing and emitting atmosphere 221 6.6 Infrared remote sensing 222 Problems 224 7 Inverse problems in radiation 225 7.1 Introduction 225 7.2 Least squares minimization for parameter estimation 227 7.3 The Bayesian method for inverse problems 234 Problems 242 Bibliography 243 Index 245