Carbohydrate Nanotechnology

Introduces the emerging field of carbohydrate nanotechnology with emphasis on its applications to biological systems

When nanoparticles or nanostructures are integrated with complex carbohydrate structures, they are equipped with the biological functions of carbohydrates. This advances their applications to carbohydrate–binding proteins, creation of nanoscale carbohydrate vaccines, carbohydrate–based imaging, as well as therapeutics based on carbohydrate–related targets. At the rate of the field s growth, it is possible to foresee the future realm of nanostructures built solely from carbohydrates, leading to profound applications in biomaterials or any functional materials with unique physical and mechanical properties.

Well–researched and interdisciplinary, Carbohydrate Nanotechnology explores the possibilities created by integrating carbohydrates with nanostructures for the study of carbohydrate–protein interactions, as well as sensing, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The features of this monograph include:

Extensive coverage of methods used to create and modify nanostructures such as gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, or magnetic particles with carbohydrates of biological significance Discussion of new advances in carbohydrate microarray technology based on the use of modified nanostructures Applications of modified nanoparticles to imaging of cell surface structure, as well as of carbohydrate–modified nanostructures, for the sensing of glycoforms and of glycoproteins Selected therapeutic applications in the realm of cancer, vaccines, and infectious diseases, and safety–related aspects of therapeutic use of carbohydrate–modified nanoparticles

Not limited to carbohydrate chemists, chemical biologists, medicinal chemists, or pharmaceutical industries, this book will be a unique resource for interested researchers to learn a range of methods of applying the techniques used to characterize the physical and biological properties of carbohydrate–modified nanostructures to their own work. Greater access, as well as greater collaboration, to this new interdisciplinary field is intended for both synthetic carbohydrate chemists and researchers in nanoscience–related fields.

Keith J. Stine, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at University of Missouri –– St. Louis. He spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher at University of California Los Angeles working in the field of monolayers at the water–air interface in the lab of Prof. Charles M. Knobler. His research has focused on a range of projects related to molecular organization and recognition at interfaces, often of biological significance, including monolayers of chiral molecules, cyclodextrins, natural product membrane interactions, and most recently of carbohydrate derivatives in collaboration with Prof. Alexei Demchenko. His work in the area of carbohydrate nanotechnology involves the application of nanoporous gold as a support for iterative carbohydrate synthesis and for the study of carbohydrate –– protein binding.

Preface

Chapter 1. Carbohydrate presenting, Self–assembled Monolayers: Preparation, Analysis and Applications in Biotechnology
Aline Debrassi, Tom Wennekes, Willem de Vos and Han Zuilhof

Chapter 2. Plasmonic methods for the study of carbohydrate interactions
Sabine Szunerits and Rabah Boukherroub

Chapter 3. Carbohydrate modified gold nanoparticles
Mikkel B. Thygesen and Knud J. Jensen

Chapter 4. Quantum dot glycoconjugates
Nan Li and Kagan Kerman

Chapter 5. Conjugation of glycans with carbon nanostructures
Zachary P. Michael, Alexander Star, and Sébastien Vidal

Chapter 6. Synthesis of Glycopolymers and Recent Developments
Gokhan Yilmaz and C. Remzi Becer

Chapter 7. Glycoclusters and their applications as anti–infective agents, vaccines and targeted drug delivery systems
Juan Manuel Casas Solvas and Antonio Vargas Berenguel

Chapter 8. Glyco–Functionalized Liposomes
Jacob J. Weingart, Pratima Vabbilisetty, and Xue–Long Sun

Chapter 9. Glycans in Mesoporous and Nanoporous Materials
Keith J. Stine

Chapter 10. Applications of nanotechnology in array–based carbohydrate analysis and profiling
Jared Q. Gerlach, Michelle Kilcoyne, and Lokesh Joshi

Chapter 11. Scanning probe microscopy for the study of interactions involving glycoproteins and carbohydrates
Yih Horng Tan

Chapter 12. Sialic Acid Modified Nanoparticles for –Amyloid Studies
Hovig Kouyoumdjian and Xuefei Huang

Chapter 13. Carbohydrate nanotechnology and its application to the treatment of cancer
Joseph J. Barchi and Shailesh Ambre

Chapter 14. Carbohydrate Nanotechnology Applied to Vaccine Development
Rajesh Sunasee and Ravin Narain

Chapter 15. Carbohydrate nanotechnology and its application to biosensor development
Andras Hushegyi, Ludmila Klukova, Tomas Bertok, and Jan Tkac

Chapter 16. Nanotoxicology aspects of carbohydrate nanostructures
Yinfa Ma and Qingbo Yang