Neuroendocrinology of Appetite

The regulation of appetite – the desire to eat food – in response to hunger, is fundamental to survival. Multiple feedback systems signal the need to consume food, and elicit the behaviours that result in the ingestion of foods of appropriate energy and macronutrient content. The efficiency of these systems is not only key to survival and reproduction, but also underlies clinical issues such as obesity and clinical inappetance, at opposite ends of the spectrum of malnutrition. Consequently, the neuroendocrine pathways in the brain that relate to metabolic need, food choice and desirability, and the feedback that these systems receive from the gastrointestinal tract and food processing are of importance in a wide range of related research areas in the biosciences.

Neuroendocrinology of Appetite provides researchers and students with a state–of–the–art account of this key interface between physiology and behaviour – the brain areas, pathways and signalling molecules, and the gut signals and processes that are involved in metabolic and hedonic drives to eat. Chapters cover contemporary research tools and approaches, including translational pre–clinical models, the activity of the human brain, and the future of surgical and pharmacological therapies for obesity and eating disorders.

This is the fifth volume in the Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology Series, a co– publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

Series Editors: John A. Russell, University of Edinburgh, UK
and William E. Armstrong, The University of Tennessee, USA

Foreword vii

List of Contributors ix

Series Preface xi

About the Companion Website xiii

1 Neuroanatomy of Feeding Pathways 1
Brian J. Oldfield, Paul N. Mirabella, and Aneta Stefanidis

2 Afferent Endocrine Control of Eating 24
Wolfgang Langhans and Jens Juul Holst

3 Ontogeny of Neuroendocrine Feeding Circuits 55
Sophie Croizier and Sebastien G. Bouret

4 Hypothalamic Peptides and Meal Patterns 76
Yada Treesukosol and Timothy H. Moran

5 Food Hedonics: Insight from Animal Models 90
Karolina P. Skibicka and Scott E. Kanoski

6 Functional and Anatomical Dissection of Feeding Circuits 112
Deniz Atasoy and Scott M. Sternson

7 Exploring Appetite and Hypothalamic Circuitry through Manipulating Gene Expression 134
Tara Jois and Mark W. Sleeman

8 Electrophysiology of the Appetite Regulating Circuits of the Hypothalamus 151
Nancy Sabatier, John Menzies, and Gareth Leng

9 Functional Neuroimaging of Appetite and Gut Brain Interactions 174
Paul A.M. Smeets and Hubert Preissl

10 Appetite Disorders: From Binge Eating to Anorexia Nervosa 201
Mathieu Méquinion, Susanne la Fleur, and Odile Viltart

11 Future Prospects of the Management of Appetite Disorders Bariatric Surgery 224
Carel le Roux and Karl Neff

12 Discovery of New Drugs for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain 247
Anders Lehmann, Udo Bauer, Stephan Hjorth, Rudolph L. Leibel and Michael Rosenbaum

Index 000