The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics

“The Handbook in its 40 well researched chapters presents a clear overview of different aspects of the Spanish language. As such it is destined to be an important and indispensable reference resource which will be consulted for years to come.” – Margarita Suñer, Cornell University “This handbook provides a comprehensive tour of the state–of–the art research in all areas of Hispanic Linguistics. For students and scholars interested in the Spanish language, it is a timely and invaluable reference book.” – Maria Luisa Zubizarreta, University of Southern California “ The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics is essential and authoritative reading for those interested in any aspect of Spanish. Its breadth of coverage is unmatched anywhere, and the discussion is cutting–edge.” – Ralph Penny, Queen Mary   It is estimated that there are currently more than 400 million Spanish speakers worldwide, with the United States being home to one of the world′s largest native Spanish–speaking populations. Reflecting the increasing importance of the Spanish language both in the U.S. and abroad, The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics features a collection of newly–written essays contributed by top Spanish linguistics scholars that explore all facets relating to the origins, evolution, and geographical variations of the Spanish language. While coverage is provided on applied concerns such as second language learning, Spanish in the classroom, immigration, heritage languages and bilingualism, several essays also address the significant body of theoretical work emerging in Spanish linguistics. By combining the most crucial elements of current findings in theoretical and applied research, The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics sheds new light on the increasing growth and importance of the Spanish language.

List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Notes on Contributors xiii Editors’ Note xxi 1 Geographical and Social Varieties of Spanish: An Overview 1 JOHN M. LIPSKI 2 The Spanish–based Creoles 27 J. CLANCY CLEMENTS 3 Spanish Among the Ibero–Romance Languages 47 CHRISTOPHER J. POUNTAIN 4 Spanish in Contact with Amerindian Languages 65 ANNA MARIA ESCOBAR 5 The Phonemes of Spanish 89 REBEKA CAMPOS–ASTORKIZA 6 Main Phonological Processes 111 FERNANDO MARTINEZ–GIL 7 Syllable Structure 133 SONIA COLINA 8 Stress and Rhythm 153 JOSE IGNACIO HUALDE 9 Intonation in Spanish 173 ERIN O’ROURKE 10 Morphophonological Alternations 193 DAVID EDDINGTON 11 Derivation and Compounding 209 SOLEDAD VARELA 12 Morphological Structure of Verbal Forms 227 MANUEL PEREZ SALDANYA 13 Forms of Address 247 BOB DE JONGE AND DORIEN NIEUWENHUIJSEN 14 Structure of the Noun Phrase 263 M. CARME PICALLO 15 Indefiniteness and Specificity 285 MANUEL LEONETTI 16 Quantification 307 JAVIER GUTIERREZ–REXACH 17 Structure of the Verb Phrase 333 JAUME MATEU 18 Tense and Aspect 355 KAREN ZAGONA 19 Mood: Indicative vs. Subjunctive 373 IGNACIO BOSQUE 20 The Simple Sentence 395 HECTOR CAMPOS 21 Clitics in Spanish 423 FRANCISCO ORDONEZ 22 Ser and Estar: The Individual/Stage–level Distinction and Aspectual Predication 453 JOSE CAMACHO 23 Passives and se Constructions 477 AMAYA MENDIKOETXEA 24 Coordination and Subordination 503 RICARDO ETXEPARE 25 Wh–movement: Interrogatives, Exclamatives, and Relatives 533 JERID FRANCOM 26 Binding: Deixis, Anaphors, Pronominals 557 LUIS EGUREN 27 Empty Categories and Ellipsis 579 JOSEP MARIA BRUCART AND JONATHAN E. MACDONALD 28 Word Order and Information Structure 603 ANTXON OLARREA 29 Speech Acts 629 VICTORIA ESCANDELL–VIDAL 30 Discourse Syntax 653 CATHERINE E. TRAVIS AND RENA TORRES CACOULLOS 31 Historical Morphosyntax and Grammaticalization 673 CONCEPCION COMPANY COMPANY 32 First Language Acquisition of Spanish Sounds and Prosody 693 CONXITA LLEO´ 33 Spanish as a Second Language and Teaching Methodologies 711 CRISTINA SANZ 34 The L2 Acquisition of Spanish Phonetics and Phonology 729 MIQUEL SIMONET 35 Theoretical Perspectives on the L2 Acquisition of Spanish 747 SILVINA MONTRUL 36 Spanish as a Heritage Language 765 MARIAM. CARREIRA 37 Acquisition of Spanish in Bilingual Contexts 783 CARMEN SILVA–CORVALAN 38 Reading Words and Sentences in Spanish 803 MANUEL CARREIRAS, JON ANDONI DUNABEITIA, AND NICOLA MOLINARO 39 Language Impairments 827 JOSE MANUEL IGOA 40 Lexical Access in Spanish as a First and Second Language 847 ALBERT COSTA, IVA IVANOVA, CRISTINA BAUS, AND NURIA SEBASTIAN–GALLES Index 865

José Ignacio Hualde is Professor in the Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese and in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. His books include Basque Phonology (1991), Euskararen azentuerak [the accentual systems of Basque] (1997), and The Sounds of Spanish (2005). Antxon Olarrea is Professor in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Arizona. He is author of Orígenes del lenguaje y selección natural (2005) and Introducción a la lingüística hispánica (2001, 2nd edn. 2010), and coeditor of Romance Linguistics 2009 (2010). Erin O′Rourke is Assistant Professor in the Department of Modern Languages and Classics at the University of Alabama. She is co–editor of Romance Linguistics 2007 (2009), and has published articles and book chapters on intonation and sociophonetics in Spanish and Quechua, with an emphasis on the Andean region.