Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures

A comprehensive coverage of the physical properties and real–world applications of magnetic nanostructures

This book discusses how the important properties of materials such as the cohesive energy, and the electronic and vibrational structures are affected when materials have at least one length in the nanometer range. The author uses relatively simple models of the solid state to explain why these changes in the size and dimension in the nanometer regime occur. The text also reviews the physics of magnetism and experimental methods of measuring magnetic properties necessary to understanding how nanosizing affects magnetism. Various kinds of magnetic structures are presented by the author in order to explain how nanosizing influences their magnetic properties. The book also presents potential and actual applications of nanomaterials in the fields of medicine and computer data storage.

Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures:

Covers the magnetism in carbon and born nitride nanostructures, bulk nanostructured magnetic materials, nanostructured magnetic semiconductors, and the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures

Discusses emerging applications of nanomaterials such as targeted delivery of drugs, enhancement of images in MRI, ferrofluids, and magnetic computer data storage

Includes end–of–chapter exercises and five appendices

Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures is written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics and nanotechnology, material scientists, chemists, and physicists.

Frank J. Owens, PhD., is a research professor in the Department of Physics at Hunter College and member of the graduate faculty at City University of New York. From 1990 until 2008, Dr. Owens was a senior research physicist for the US Army Armament Research Engineering and Development Center (ARDEC). Dr. Owens is the author of more than six books and more than 180 journal publications. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

1. Properties of Nanostructures

1.1 Cohesive Energy

1.2 Electronic Properties

1.3 Quantum Dots

1.4 Vibrational Properties

1.5 Summary

2. The Physics of Magnetism

2.1 Kinds of Magnetism

2.2 Paramagnetism

2.2.1 Theory of Paramagnetism

2.2.2 Methods of Measuring Susceptibility

2.3 Ferromagnetism

2.3.1 Theory of Ferromagnetism

2.3.2 Magnetic Resonance

2.4 Antiferromagnetism

3. Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles

3.1 Superparamagnetism

3.2 Effect of Particle Size on Magnetization

3.3 Dynamical Behavior of Magnetic Nanoparticles

3.4 Magnetic Field Aligned Particles in Frozen Fluids

3.5 Magnetism Induced by Nanosizing

3.6 Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles

3.7 Magneto–resistive Materials

4. Bulk Nanostructured Magnetic Materials

4.1 Ferromagnetic Solids with Nanosized Grains

4.2 Low Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures

4.2.1 Magnetic Quantum Wells

4,2,2 Magnetic Quantum Wires

4.2.3 Building One Dimensional Arrays One Atom at a Time

4.3 Magneto–resistance in Bulk Nanostructured Materials.

5. Magnetism in Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanostructures

5.1 Carbon Nanostructures, c60

5.1.1 Fullerene

5.1.2 Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanotubes

5.1.3 Graphene

5.2 Experimental Observations of Ferromagnetism in Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanostructures

5.2.1 Magnetism in C60

5.2.2 Ferromagnetism in Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanotubes

5.2.3 Magnetism in Graphene

6. Nanostructured Magnetic Semiconductors

6.1 Electron–Hole Junctions

6.2 MOSFET

6.3 Nanosized MOSFETS

6.4 Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors

6.5 Nanostructuring in Magnetic Semiconductors

6.6 DMS Quantum Wells

6.7 DMS Quantum Dots

6.8 Storage Devices Based on Magnetic Semiconductors

6.9 Theoretical Predictions of Nanostructured Magnetic

Semiconductors

7. Applications of Magnetic Nanostructures

7.1 Ferrofluids

7.2 Magnetic Storage (Hard Drives)

7.3 Electric Field Control of Magnetism

7.4 Magnetic Photonic Crystals

7.5 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Catalysts

7.6 Magnetic Nanoparticle Labeling of Hazardous Materials

8. Medical Applications of Magnetic Nanostructures

8.1 Targeted Drug Delivery

8.2 Magnetic Hyperthermia

8.3 Magnetic Separation

8.4. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Contrast in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

8.5 Detection of Bacteria

9. Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures

9.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.2 Magnetic Quantum Wells

9.3 Magnetic Nanowires

9.4 Magnetic Quantum Dots

APPENDIX A Table of Number of Atoms Versus Size in Face Centered Cubic Nanoparticles

APPENDIX B Definition of Magnetic Field

APPENDIX C Density Functional Theory

APPENDIX D Tight Binding Model of Electronic Structure of Metals

APPENDIX E Periodic Boundary Conditions