Hakes: Biology and Exploitation

The species of hake, making up the genus Merluccius, are commercially important and currently largely over exploited, with many stocks badly depleted and showing only limited signs of recovery.

From the end of the 1990s, concepts such as sustainability, ecosystem–based approaches to fisheries management, a code for the responsible conduct for fisheries, governance and others have emerged or have been considered by politicians, stakeholders and society. Moreover, new tools for stock assessment have been developed. But many hake stocks of the genus Merluccius show no sign of restoration.

Hakes: Biology and Exploitation brings together a wealth of important information on the biology and exploitation of hake and hoki (genus Macruronus) stocks around the world. Each chapter provides an overview of the fisheries of each species in an ecological and environmental context, looking at stock distribution, characteristics of the environment, life history, reproduction, diet, growth, mortality, pricing and markets of each geographical region and the hake species found there.

With chapters written by regional experts on hake and hoki species, and included within Wiley–Blackwell s prestigious Fish and Aquatic Resources Series, Hakes: Biology and Exploitation provides up–to–date and comparative information, including new approaches to fisheries management, for all those involved in fisheries management, aquatic ecology and biological sciences.

About the Editor
Hugo Arancibia is Marine Biologist, Titular Professor at the University of Concepcion (Chile), Dr. Rerum Nature from the University of Bremen (Germany) and Diplom in Competence Assessment from the Major University of Santiago (Chile). At present he is Director of the Doctorate Program in Management of Aquatic Living Resources at his university and gives lectures in research and innovation projects, biology of marine exploited populations and others. His fields of interest are R+D in new fishing resources and the use of indicators in fisheries management.

List of contributors ix

Preface xvii

Acknowledgement xxi

1 European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northeast Atlantic

Ocean 1

Maria Korta, Dorleta García, Marina Santurtún, Nerea Goikoetxea,

Eider Andonegi, Hilario Murua, Paula Álvarez, Santiago Cervi no,

José Castro and Arantza Murillas

2 Fisheries, ecology and markets of South African hake 38

M. D. Durholtz, L. Singh, T. P. Fairweather, R. W. Leslie,

C.D. van der Lingen, C. A. R. Bross, L. Hutchings, R. A. Rademeyer,

D. S. Butterworth and A. I. L. Payne

3 Biology and fisheries of the shallow–water hake (Merluccius capensis)

and the deep–water hake (Merluccius paradoxus) in Namibia 70

M. R. Wilhelm, C. H. Kirchner, J. P. Roux, A. Jarre, J. A. Iitembu,

J. N. Kathena and P. Kainge

4 Southern hake (Merluccius australis) in New Zealand: biology,

fisheries and stock assessment 101

Peter L. Horn

5 The biology, fishery and market of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi

gayi) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean 126

C. Gatica, S. Neira, H. Arancibia and S. Vásquez

6 Biology and fishery of common hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and

southern hake (Merluccius australis) around the Falkland/Malvinas

Islands on the Patagonian Shelf of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean 154

A. I. Arkhipkin, V. V. Laptikhovsky and A. J. Barton

7 The biology and fishery of hake (Merluccius hubbsi) in the

Argentinean Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone of the

Southwestern Atlantic Ocean 185

María Inés Lorenzo and Omar Defeo

8 Biology and fisheries of hake (Merluccius hubbsi) in Brazilian

waters, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean 211

André Martins Vaz–dos–Santos and Paulo Ricardo Schwingel

9 Biology, fisheries, assessment and management of Pacific hake

(Merluccius productus) 234

Owen S. Hamel, Patrick H. Ressler, Rebecca E. Thomas,

Daniel A. Waldeck, Allan C. Hicks, John A. Holmes and

Guy W. Fleischer

10 Biology and fisheries of New Zealand hoki (Macruronus

novaezelandiae) 263

Mary E. Livingston, Rosemary J. Hurst, Richard L. O Driscoll,

Andy McKenzie, Sira L. Ballara and Peter L. Horn

11 Biology, fishery and products of Chilean hoki (Macruronus

novaezelandiae magellanicus) 294

Rubén Alarcún and Hugo Arancibia

12 An overview of hake and hoki fisheries: analysis of biological,

fishery and economic indicators 324

Arancibia Hugo, Tony Pitcher and Mary Livingston

Index 341