The Students Companion to the Theologians

An ideal resource for students, this Companion brings together an international team of nearly 50 contemporary scholars to introduce the theologians responsible for shaping the Christian story through the ages. It comprises over 75 entries on the most important and influential figures in the history of Christianity, including amongst others, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, C. S. Lewis, James Cone, and Rosemary Radford Reuther. The volume combines authoritative profiles of key Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical, and progressive theologians with a blend of substantial essays and overviews which discuss their historical significance within the field. The comprehensive A–Z entries establish each theologian within their immediate context and summarize their primary work. The companion is neatly structured around five key time periods spanning the early centuries through the Middle Ages, Reformation, Enlightenment, and the twentieth–century to the present. Incorporating a variety of student aids including a timeline, a glossary of key terms, and essential reading lists, The Student′s Companion to the Theologians provides an accessible reference to the key people who have shaped the Christian tradition.

Notes on Contributors viii Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Timeline xvi Early Centuries 1 The Apocalypse of John 3 Arius (c.256–336) 6 Athanasius (c.295–373) 16 Augustine of Hippo (c.354–430) 26 Boethius (c.475–c.524) 31 The Cappadocians (c.329–c.524) 43 Cyril of Alexandria (c.378–444) and Nestorius of Constantinople (c.381–c.451) 48 Ephrem the Syrian (c.306–73) 60 Ignatius of Antioch (c.35–c.110) 71 Irenaeus of Lyons (2nd century) 74 John the Evangelist 79 Marcion (c.85–c.160) 89 Maximos the Confessor (580–662) 93 Origen (c.185–254) 103 The Apostle Paul 113 The Synoptic Evangelists: Mark, Matthew, and Luke 119 Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus) (c.155–c.225) 128 Middle Ages 137 Peter Abelard (1079–1142) 139 St Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) 142 Thomas Aquinas, OP (c.1224–74) 153 Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) 159 Bonaventure (c.1217–74) 162 Duns Scotus (c.1266–1308) 171Julian of Norwich (1342–c.1416) 181 William Ockham (c.1280–c.1349) 187 Reformation Period 197 John Calvin (1509–64) 199 Richard Hooker (1554–1600) 204 Martin Luther (1483–1546) 208 Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) 216 The Reformation 219 Teresa of Ávila (1515–82) 227 Enlightenment and Modern Period 237 Donald Baillie (1887–1954) 239 John Baillie (1886–1960) 245 Karl Barth (1886–1968) 250 Emil Brunner (1889–1966) 256 John Nelson Darby (1800–1882) 262 Georges Vasilievich Florovsky (1893–1979) 265 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) 276 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) 287 Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55) 290 C. S. (Clive Staples) Lewis (1898–1963) 295 John Henry Newman (1801–90) 299 Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971) 310 Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768–1834) 320 Gottfried Thomasius (1802–75) 326 Paul Tillich (1886–1965) 338 B. B. Warfield (1851–1921) 350 Twentieth Century to Present 353 Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–88) 355 Serge Laugier de Beaurecueil (1917–2005) 367 Black Theology 371 Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–45) 378 James Cone (1938– ) 390 Austin Farrer (1904–68) 393 Hans Frei (1922–88) 397 Colin Gunton (1941–2003) 400 Gustavo Gutiérrez (1928– ) 402 Stanley Hauerwas (1940– ) 406 John Hick (1922–2012) 416 Elizabeth A. Johnson, CSJ (1941– ) 427 Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–68) 431 Liberal Theology 438 George Lindbeck (1923– ) 451 Donald MacKinnon (1913–94) 454 John Milbank (1952– ) 458 Jürgen Moltmann (1926– ) 461 Richard John Neuhaus (1936–2009) 472 James Packer (1926– ) 475 Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928– ) 478 Charles Philip Price (1920–99) 486 Process Theology 491 Karl Rahner (1904–84) 502 Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936– ) 512 Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (1938– ) 515 Dorothee Sölle (1929–2003) 518 Richard Swinburne (1934– ) 522 Vatican II 527 Keith Ward (1938– ) 541 Glossary 546 Index 550

Ian S. Markham is the Dean and President of Virginia Theological Seminary. Awards include the Robertson Fellow 2006, Teape Lecturer in India 2004, Claggett Fellow attached to Washington National Cathedral in 2000, and Frank Woods Fellow at Trinity College, Melbourne in 1997. He is the author and editor of numerous books, including The Wiley–Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion (edited with J. Barney Hawkins IV, Justyn Terry & Leslie Nuñez Steffensen, 2013), Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris Are Fundamentally Wrong (2010), A World Religions Reader , 3rd edition (2009), Understanding Christian Doctrine (2007), and Do Morals Matter (2006), all published by Wiley–Blackwell.

“Notwithstanding these gaps and some odd choices, the fact that many of the entries were of an exceptionally high quality makes the Companion a reference work that is well worth the purchase price.”  ( Reviews in Religion & Theology , 3 July 2013)