A Companion to Archaic Greece

Recent years have seen powerful developments in the study of archaic Greece, with the emergence of new areas of interest, new ways of thinking about old problems, radical new approaches to the sources, and new evidence. A Companion to Archaic Greece brings together the strands of these developments in a comprehensive survey of one of the most influential periods in Greek history. The archaic age, c.750–480 BCE, witnessed the rise of cities and states, of social and economic structures, political, religious and military institutions and ideas, and cultural expressions which we see today as typically Greek. No less fascinating are the lesser–known institutions and ideas which were characteristically archaic and did not survive into the classical period. In 31 chapters, this Companion systematically covers the literary and archaeological evidence for all regions of the Greek world and all aspects of archaic Greek society and culture, including their Mediterranean context and the impact of non–Greek cultures on their development. It will be a welcome introduction for undergraduate students and an invaluable reference tool for the professional historian.

List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors xii Preface xx List of Abbreviations xxiii Maps xxiv Part I Introduction 1 1 The Historiography of Archaic Greece 3 John K. Davies 2 The Mediterranean World in the Early Iron Age 22 Carol G. Thomas Part II Histories 41 3 The Early Iron Age 43 Catherine Morgan 4 The Eighth–century Revolution 64 Ian Morris 5 The World of Homer and Hesiod 81 Christoph Ulf 6 The Tyrants 100 Elke Stein–Hölkeskamp 7 Sparta 117 Massimo Nafissi 8 Athens 138 Michael Stahl and Uwe Walter 9 Greeks and Persians 162 Josef Wiesehöfer Part III Regions 187 10 Attica: A View from the Sea 189 Sanne Houby–Nielsen 11 The Aegean 212 Alexander Mazarakis Ainian and Iphigenia Leventi 12 Laconia and Messenia 239 Nigel Kennell and Nino Luraghi 13 The Peloponnese 255 Thomas Heine Nielsen and James Roy 14 Crete 273 James Whitley 15 Northern Greece 294 Zosia Halina Archibald 16 The Western Mediterranean 314 Carla M. Antonaccio 17 The Black Sea 330 Gocha R. Tsetskhladze Part IV Themes 347 18 Cities 349 Jan Paul Crielaard 19 Foundations 373 Irad Malkin 20 States 395 Hans–Joachim Gehrke 21 Charismatic Leaders 411 Robert W. Wallace 22 Sanctuaries and Festivals 427 François de Polignac 23 The Economy 444 Hans van Wees 24 Class 468 Peter W. Rose 25 Gender 483 Lin Foxhall 26 The Culture of the Symposion 508 Oswyn Murray 27 The Culture of Competition 524 Nick Fisher 28 Literacy 542 John–Paul Wilson 29 Intellectual Achievements 564 Kurt A. Raaflaub 30 War and International Relations 585 Henk Singor 31 Ethnicity and Cultural Exchange 604 Jonathan M. Hall Bibliography 618 Indices 713

Kurt A. Raaflaub is David Herlihy University Professor and Professor of Classics and History, Royce Family Professor in Teaching Excellence (2005–8) and Director of the Program in Ancient Studies at Brown University. His recent publications include The Discovery of Freedom in Ancient Greece (2004), Social Struggles in Archaic Rome (Blackwell, 2005) and War and Peace in the Ancient World (Blackwell, 2006). Hans van Wees is Professor of Ancient History at University College London. His publications include Status Warriors: War, Violence and Society in Homer and History (1992) and Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities (2004), and he has co–edited four volumes on archaic Greece, war and violence, and Herodotus.

“For those interested in Classical Greece, this volume is an essential.”  ( Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin , 11 December 2013) "This is a varied, wide–ranging, stimulating and exciting volume which should open the way to even further investigations of archaic Greece." Bryn Mawr Classical Review , February 2011 “Offers an unprecedented range and depth of perspectives and material, much of which has been otherwise unavailable in English.” Ancient West and East