Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice

Knowledge Translation in Health Care is a practical introduction to knowledge translation for everyone working and learning within health policy and funding agencies, and as researchers, clinicians and trainees. Using everyday examples, it explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life. This new second edition defines the principles and practice of knowledge translation and outlines strategies for successful knowledge translation in practice and policy making. It includes relevant real world examples and cases of knowledge translation in action that are accessible and relevant for all stakeholders including clinicians, health policy makers, administrators, managers, researchers, clinicians and trainees. From an international expert editor and contributor team, and fully revised to reflect current practice and latest developments within the field, Knowledge Translation in Health Care is the practical guide for all health policy makers and researchers, clinicians, trainee clinicians, medical students and other healthcare professionals seeking to improve healthcare practice.

List of contributors, ix Section 1: Introduction Chapter 1.1: Introduction: Knowledge translation: What it is and what it isn’t, 3 Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe, and Ian D. Graham Chapter 1.2: Integrated knowledge translation, 14 Sarah Bowen and Ian D. Graham Section 2: Knowledge Creation Chapter 2.0: Introduction: The K in KT: Knowledge creation, 27 Sharon E. Straus Chapter 2.1: Knowledge synthesis, 29 Andrea C. Tricco, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and David Moher Chapter 2.2: Knowledge translation tools, 50 Melissa Brouwers, Dawn Stacey, and Annette M. O’Connor Chapter 2.3: Searching for research findings and KT literature, 63 K. Ann McKibbon and Cynthia Lokker Chapter 2.4: Knowledge dissemination: End of grant knowledge translation, 75 Ian D. Graham, Jacqueline Tetroe, and Michelle Gagnon Section 3: The Action Cycle Chapter 3.0: Introduction, 95 Sharon E. Straus Chapter 3.1: Identifying knowledge to action gaps, 97 Alison L. Kitson and Sharon E. Straus Chapter 3.2: Adapting knowledge to local context, 110 Margaret B. Harrison, Ian D. Graham, Beatrice Fervers, and Joan van den Hoek Subsection 3.3: Barriers Chapter 3.3a: Barriers and facilitators: Strategies for identification and measurement, 121 France Legare and Peng Zhang Chapter 3.3b: Mapping KT interventions to barriers and facilitators, 137 Heather Colquhoun, Jeremy Grimshaw, and Michel Wensing Subsection 3.4: Selecting KT interventions Chapter 3.4a: Developing and selecting knowledge translation interventions, 150 Michel Wensing, Marije Bosch, and Richard Grol Chapter 3.4b: Formal educational interventions, 163 Dave Davis, Nancy Davis, and Nathan Johnson Chapter 3.4c: Linkage and exchange interventions, 176 Jon Salsberg and Ann C. Macaulay Chapter 3.4d: Audit and feedback interventions, 183 Robbie Foy and Martin P. Eccles Chapter 3.4e: Informatics interventions, 189 Samir Gupta and K. Ann McKibbon Chapter 3.4f: Patient–direct and patient–mediated KT interventions, 197 Dawn Stacey and Sophie Hill Chapter 3.4g: Organizational interventions, 212 Ewan B. Ferlie Chapter 3.4h: Shared decision making, 217 France Legare and Peng Zhang Chapter 3.4i: Financial incentive interventions, 222 Gerd Flodgren, Martin P. Eccles, Anthony Scott, and Sasha Shepperd Chapter 3.5: Monitoring knowledge use and evaluating outcomes, 227 Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe, Onil Bhattacharyya, Merrick Zwarenstein, and Ian D. Graham Chapter 3.6: Sustaining knowledge use, 237 Barbara Davies and Nancy Edwards Subsection 3.7: Case examples Chapter 3.7a: Illustrating the knowledge to action cycle: An integrated knowledge translation research approach in wound care, 249 Ian D. Graham and Margaret B. Harrison Chapter 3.7b: Tips on implementation, 263 Judith A. Ritchie Section 4: Theories and Models of Knowledge to Action Chapter 4.1: Planned action theories, 277 Ian D. Graham, Jacqueline Tetroe, and the KT Theories Group Chapter 4.2: Cognitive psychology theories of change in provider behavior, 288 Alison M. Hutchinson and Carole A. Estabrooks Chapter 4.3: Educational theories, 298 Alison M. Hutchinson and Carole A. Estabrooks Chapter 4.4: Organizational theories, 308 Jean–Louis Denis and Pascale Lehoux Chapter 4.5: Quality improvement theories, 320 Anne Sales Section 5: Evaluation of Knowledge to Action Chapter 5.1: Methodologies to evaluate effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions, 331 Onil Bhattacharyya, Leigh Hayden, and Merrick Zwarenstein Chapter 5.2: Economic evaluation of knowledge translation interventions, 349 Emma Quinn, Craig Mitton, and Jeanette Ward Section 6: Ethics Chapter 6.1: Ethics in the science lifecycle: Broadening the scope of ethical analysis, 363 Kristiann Allen and Jaime Flamenbaum Chapter 6.2: Ethical issues in cluster–randomized trials in knowledge translation, 378 Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, and Jeremy Grimshaw Index, 393

Sharon E. Straus, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jacqueline Tetroe, Knowledge Translation Portfolio, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ian D. Graham, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada