The Anthropology of Citizenship: A Reader

Concepts of individual and global citizenship have flourished in recent years and Sian Lazar’s timely reader introduces cutting–edge approaches to citizenship in the contemporary world. This collection brings together twenty–five critical essays that offer crucial insights for students and researchers into the historical developments of citizenship, and contemporary relationships between people, the state, and the law from a cross–cultural perspective. The Anthropology of Citizenship discusses some of the most important pieces in the political philosophy and anthropological theory of the theme, exploring the historical development of understandings of citizenship and its variability across the world. Lazar offers readings in Part I that highlight contemporary thinking on citizenship through key political and anthropological theorists.  Part II reveals the rich ethnographic record available on political processes and citizenship, illuminating the relationship between citizens and the state, and between citizens, the state and non–citizens. The contributors demonstrate the potential for the anthropology of citizenship to make exciting contributions to anthropology, political economy, sociology and social theory.

Introduction 1 Sian Lazar Part I Theoretical Foundations 23 Introduction 25 I.1 Civic Republican Traditions 27 1 The Democratic Citizen 29 Pericles 2 The Politics 31 Aristotle 3 The Social Contract, 1762 35 Jean–Jacques Rousseau 4 The Decline of the Nation–State and the End of the Rights of Man, 1951 38 Hannah Arendt I.2 Liberal Traditions 41 5 Two Treatises of Government, 1689 43 John Locke 6 Declaration of the Rights of Man, France, 1789 47 7 The Second Constitution of Haiti (Hayti), May 20, 1805 49 8 Citizenship and Social Class, 1950 52 T. H. Marshall The Liberal–Communitarian Debate 61 9 The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference, 1986 63 Iris Marion Young I.3 Constructing an Anthropology of Citizenship 73 10 Cultural Citizenship in San Jose, California, 1994 75 Renato Rosaldo 11 Cultural Citizenship as Subject–Making: Immigrants Negotiate Racial and Cultural Boundaries in the United States, 1996 79 Aihwa Ong 12 Spaces of Insurgent Citizenship, 1999 93 James Holston Part II Ethnographic Explorations 99 II.1 Citizenship Regimes, Subject–Formation and the State 101 Introduction 103 13 Education for Credit: Development as Citizenship Project in Bolivia, 2004 107 Sian Lazar 14 Producing Good Citizens: Languages, Bodies, Emotions, 2008 120 Véronique Benei 15 Biological Citizenship: The Science and Politics of Chernobyl–Exposed Populations, 2004 139 Adriana Petryna Inclusive Citizenship and Claims–Making from Below 147 16 Reframing Agrarian Citizenship: Land, Life and Power in Brazil, 2009 149 Hannah Wittman 17 Life Itself: Triage and Therapeutic Citizenship, 2010 163 Vinh–Kim Nguyen II.2 Citizenship beyond the Nation–State 177 Introduction 179 18 The Queen of the Chinese Colony: Contesting Nationalism, En–Gendering Diaspora, 2005 181 Lok C. D. Siu 19 Transborder Citizenship: An Outcome of Legal Pluralism within Transnational Social Fields, 2005 196 Nina Glick Schiller 20 Difficult Distinctions: Refugee Law, Humanitarian Practice and Political Identification in Gaza, 2007 208na Feldman Ila Urban Citizenship 227 21 The Implosion of Modern Public Life, 2000 229 Teresa P. R. Caldeira 22 Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State and the Logic of the Market, 1999 248 Dorothy J. Solinger II.3 The Citizen and the Non–citizen 267 Introduction 269 23 The War of ‘Who is Who’: Autochthony, Nationalism and Citizenship in the Ivoirian Crisis, 2006 271 Ruth Marshall–Fratani 24 Practicing German Citizenship, 2008 292 Ruth Mandel 25 The Legal Production of Mexican/Migrant ‘Illegality’, 2005 309 Nicholas de Genova Index 326

Sian Lazar has been a lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge since 2005. She is the author of El Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia (2008), and is co–author, with Maxine Molyneux, of Doing the Rights Thing: Rights–Based Development and Latin American NGOs (2003).