Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders

Metabolic syndrome is a recognized suite of biological risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing long–term health problems including a wide range of neurological disorders. Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders brings together information on the cluster of common pathologies which cause metabolic syndrome – obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension – to provide a comprehensive and cutting edge exploration of the link between metabolic syndrome and neurological disorders. Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders covers the molecular mechanisms thought to connect metabolic syndrome with neurological disorders ranging from stroke to neurodegenerative diseases. Chapters also look at how other factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in disease development. Grounded in a series of epidemiological studies of metabolic–cognitive syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders is a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians in the field. Comprehensive coverage of the molecular mechanisms behind the link between metabolic syndrome and stroke, Alzheimer disease, and depression Timely investigation of a health issue which will be of increasing importance given the aging of the world′s population  Written by leaders in the field of metabolic syndrome Unique, accessible exploration of a topic with relevance for a wide variety of disciplines, including neuroscientists, pharmacologists, and clinicians

Foreword Mark P. Mattson Preface Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui Acknowledgments Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui Contributors 1 Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Failure Underlie Alzheimer Disease Suzanne M. de la Monte and Ming Tong 2 Insulin Receptor and the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease Johanna Zemva and Markus Schubert 3 Contribution of Insulin Resistance in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease Adnan Erol 4 Insulin–Leptin Signaling in the Brain Vicente Barrios, Emma Burgos–Ramos, and Jesús Argente 5 The Janus Face of Insulin in Brain Ana Duarte, Emanuel Candeias, Sónia C. Correia, Renato X. Santos, Cristina Carvalho, Susana Cardoso, Ana I. Plácido, Maria S. Santos, Catarina R. Oliveira, and Paula I. Moreira 6 Modulation of Cognition by Insulin and Aging: Implications for Alzheimer Disease Maite Solas and Maria J. Ramírez 7 Contribution of Phospholipid, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol–Derived Lipid Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui 8 Lipids, Cholesterol, and Oxidized Cholesterol in Alzheimer Amyloid Beta–Mediated Neurotoxicity Mundelanji C. Vestergaard, Masamune Morita, Tsutomu Hamada, and Masahiro Takagi 9 Of Sound Mind and Body: Dietary Lifestyles, Promotion of Healthy Brain Aging, and Prevention of Dementia in Healthy Individuals Giulio Maria Pasinetti, Amanda Bilski, Lap Ho, Jun Wang, Mario Ferruzzi, Masahito Yamada, Kenjiro Ono, and Salvatore Mannino 10 Metabolic Syndrome as an Independent Risk Factor of Silent Brain Infarction Jae–Sung Lim and Hyung–Min Kwon 11 Neurochemical Linkage Among Metabolic Syndrome, Alzheimer Disease, and Depression Undurti N. Das 12 Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System as a Link Between Unbalanced Energy Homeostasis, Neuroinflammation, and Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Tiziana Bisogno and Vincenzo Di Marzo 13 Metabolic Syndrome, Alzheimer Disease, Schizophrenia, and Depression: Role for Leptin, Melatonin, Kynurenine Pathways, and Neuropeptides George Anderson and Michael Maes 14 Binge Eating and Metabolic Syndrome Ignacio Jáuregui–Lobera 15 Phytochemical Principles in the Traditional Indian System of Medicine Used for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Neetu Mishra 16 Oxidative Stress and Obesity: Their Impact on Metabolic Syndrome Morihiro Matsuda and Iichiro Shimomura 17 The Relationship Among Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance Jean–Philippe Bastard and Bruno Fève 18 Involvement of Adipocytokines in Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome Hardik Gandhi and Ramachandran Balaraman 19 Obesity, Inflammation, and Vascular Disease: Novel Insight in the Role of Adipose Tissue Paolo Calabro, Enrica Golia, Valeria Maddaloni, Giuseppe Limongelli, Brunella Ziello, Fabio Fimiani, Ilaria Jane Romano, Mario Crisci, Maria Giovanna Russo, Edward T.H. Yeh, and Raffaele Calabro 20 Is Diabetes a Risk Factor for Parkinson Disease? Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui 21 Role of Iron in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Lu Cai 22 Contributions of AMP Kinase to the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Diseases Mohamed Kodiha, Hicham Mahboubi, and Ursula Stochaj 23 Aβ Deposition, Insulin Signaling, and Tau Phosphorylation in Animal Models of Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes Naoyuki Sato and Ryuichi Morishita 24 In Vivo Evidence of the Convergence of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease Sun Ah Park 25 Metabolic Syndrome and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease John A. Larry 26 Contribution of Inflammation, Adiponectin, and Obesity in Cardiovascular Diseases Harald Mangge and Gunter Almer 27 Brain and Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Aspects Ewa Szczepanska–Sadowska 28 Molecular Aspects of Dietary–Exercise Regimen for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Wataru Aoi 29 Ghrelin, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Syndrome Pablo B. Martínez de Morentin, Sulay Tovar, Rubén Nogueiras, Miguel López, and Carlos Diéguez 30 Leptin and Cognitive Function Jenni Harvey 31 Fructose, Sugar Consumption, and Metabolic Diseases Virgile Lecoultre and Luc Tappy 32 Inflammation–Mediated Cognitive and Emotional Alterations in Experimental Models of Metabolic Syndrome Nathalie Castanon and Sophie Layé 33 Summary and Perspective Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui Index

AKHLAQ FAROOQUI is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Medical Biochemistry at Ohio State University. He is author of over 180 peer–reviewed research articles, and author/editor of eight books and an expert in fields of glycerophospholipid metabolism, excitotoxicity, bioactive ether lipids, and phospholipases A2 in brain. TAHIRA FAROOQUI is a Research Scientist in the Department of Entomology at Ohio State University. She is the author of 40 peer–reviewed research articles and several monographs and an expert on glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, biogenic amines, and neural plasticity.