Veterinary Technicians Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline

Veterinary Technician’s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline, Third Edition provides a quick reference to all aspects of a technician’s daily responsibilities in clinical practice.  Retaining the tabular format for easy access, the Third Edition adds more in–depth skill descriptions, allowing the technician to reach an even higher level of care.  Coverage ranges from anatomy and preventative care to diagnostic and patient care skills, pain management, anesthesia, and pharmacology.      Now fully revised and updated, the book is designed to build on a veterinary technician’s current knowledge, acting as a quick refresher in the daily clinic setting.  A companion website offers forms and worksheets, training materials, review questions, vocabulary flashcards, links to online resources, and the figures from the book in PowerPoint.  The Third Edition is an invaluable practical resource for increasing confidence and improving technical skills for veterinary technicians. Key features Offers fast access to information on all aspects of a veterinary technician’s role in caring for dogs and cats Provides additional in–depth skill descriptions for an even higher level of patient care Puts knowledge already gained in the classroom in the context of clinical practice Aids technicians in quickly remembering information and improving their skills, with information in tables for ease of use Adds 100 new images, including an expanded cytology section and multiple line drawings for clearer understanding Includes access to a companion website offering forms and worksheet, review questions, vocabulary flashcards, links to online resources, and the figures from the book in PowerPoint

Figure List  Preface Acknowledgments Contributors About the Companion Website Section One: Anatomy Chapter 1: Anatomy Anatomy Overall Figure 1.1 Overall  Figure 1.2 Palpation Landmarks  Figure 1.3 Regional Lymph Nodes Musculature Figure 1.4 Musculature: Lateral View  Skeletal  Figure 1.5 Skeletal: Lateral View Figure 1.6 Skeletal: Dorsal View Internal Organs  Figure 1.7 Internal Organs: Left Lateral View Figure 1.8 Internal Organs: Right Lateral View  Figure 1.9 Internal Organs: Ventral View Figure 1.10 Internal Organs: Liver and Kidney  Circulatory System Figure 1.11 Circulatory System: Dorsal View of the Heart Figure 1.12 Circulatory System: Internal View of the Heart Figure 1.13 Circulatory System: Heart Valves Figure 1.14 Circulatory System: Lateral View Nervous System Figure 1.15 Nervous System : Lateral View of the Brain Figure 1.16 Nervous System: Lateral View Urogenital System Figure 1.17 Urogenital: Ventral View, Female Figure 1.18 Urogenital: Ventral View, Male Figure 1.19 Urogenital: Lateral View, Male Eye Figure 1.20 Eye Ear Figure 1.21 Ear Section Two: Preventative Care Chapter 2: Preventative Care and Vaccinations Physical Examinations Initial Examination Physical Examination Pediatric Physical Examination Normal Parturition Geriatric Physical Examination Cardiac Examination Pulmonary Examination Abdominal Examination Otoscopic Examination Regional Lymph Node Examination Neurological Examination Orthopedic Examination Vaccinations Guidelines to Follow When Vaccinating an Animal Canine Vaccination Protocol Feline Vaccination Protocol Canine Transmissible Diseases Corona Virus, Distemper Hepatitis, Infectious Tracheobronchitis Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease Parvovirus, Rabies Feline Transmissible Diseases Feline Calicivirus Feline Infectious Peritonitis Feline Panleukopenia Virus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Rhinotracheitis Virus Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydophila felis Animal Care Client Education: Home Dental Care Grooming Bathing Nail Trimming Anal Sac Expression Ear Cleaning and Flushing Chapter 3: Nutrition  General Nutrition  Patient Evaluation  Diet History Body Condition Scoring System  Daily Caloric Requirement Worksheet for a Healthy Animal  General Life Stage Feeding Guidelines  Key Nutritional Factors (Calculated on a Dry Matter Basis) for Puppies and Kittens  Feeding Methods  Feeding Methods  Feeding the Reluctant Eater  Feeding the Overexcited Eater  Pet Food Evaluation  Pet Food Label Evaluation  Comparing Nutrient Levels on a Dry Matter Basis Worksheet  Estimating and Comparing Calorie Content Worksheet  Home–Prepared Diets Nutraceuticals  Common Nutraceuticals  Disease Nutritional Requirements  Obesity Management Weight Loss Plan Worksheet Nutritional Support  Enteral Nutrition  Coax Feeding and Orogastric Tube  Nasoesophageal and Nasogastric Tube Esophagostomy Tube Gastrotomy Tube: Without Gastropexy Gastrotomy Tube: With Gastropexy Jejunostomy Tube  Feeding Tube Options Enteral Nutrition Administration Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Parenteral Nutrition Parenteral Nutrition Administration Worksheet: Calculation of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Worksheet: Calculation of Peripheral or Partial Parenteral Nutrition (PPN) Section Three: Diagnostic Skills Chapter 4: Laboratory Blood Chemistries  Blood Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips Collection Complications Handling Storage Transport Blood Collection Tubes Blood Chemistries Bone Marrow Evaluation Bone Marrow Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips Collection Handling Smear Techniques  Storage  Transport  Evaluation Bone Marrow Evaluation  Cell Type Identification Interpretation Cytology Cytology Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips  Collection Collection Techniques FNB Needle and Syringe Selection Handling Smear Techniques Storage Transport Cytology Evaluation Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy  Figure 4.18 Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy Specific Tumor Cells Interpretation Buffy Coat Evaluation Effusion Cytology Fecal Cytology Fecal Cytology Vaginal Cytology Classifying Vaginal Cells  Staging the Estrus Cycle  Function Tests  Function Tests Hematology  Complete Blood Count  Hemacytometer Use  Calculating a Differential  Blood Smear Evaluation  RBC Morphology and Alterations  RBC Alterations and Morphology WBC Morphology and Alterations WBC Morphology  WBC Alterations  WBC Left Shift  Platelet Morphology and Alterations  Platelet Alterations  Coagulation Tests  Coagulation Screening  Coagulation Tests Blood Transfusions  Crossmatching  Blood Typing  Immunology and Serology Tests  Immunology and Serology Tests  Microbiology Microbiology Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips  Collection  Collection Techniques  Handling  Storage Specimen Storage  Transport Most Commonly Used Culture Media Culture Media Inoculation and Incubation Culture Growth Evaluation Staining Solutions and Procedures Staining Problems Bacteria Identification Fungi Identification Parasitology Fecal Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips  Collection Handling Storage Transport Fecal Evaluation Endoparasite Examination Methods Fecal Flotation Solutions Endoparasites Blood Parasite Examination Methods Ectoparasite Examination Methods Ectoparasites Urinalysis Urine Collection, Handling, Storage, and Transport Tips Collection Handling Storage Transport Urine Examination/Urinalysis Gross Examination Chemistry Strip Examination Sediment Examination Reporting of Bacteria and Sperm Sediment Examination Urine Artifacts Urine Artifacts Chapter 5: Imaging Radiology  Radiographic Equipment  Radiographic Exposure and Image Factors Radiographic Technique Chart Veterinary X–Ray Technique Chart Evaluating Radiograph Technique Exposure Evaluation Density Evaluation Scale of Contrast Evaluation Radiographic Alterations Radiographic Artifacts Radiographic Positioning Directional Terms Positional Terms Abdomen  Head Positioning Nasal Cavities and Sinuses Nasal Cavities and Sinuses (Continued) Head: Pharynx Head: Skull  Head: Temporomandibular Joint  Head: Tympanic Bullae  Head: Zygomatic Arch  Spine Positioning  Spine: Cervical Spine: Thoracic–Lumbar  Spine: Sacrum—Caudal  Shoulder and Forelimb Positioning  Shoulder and Forelimbs: Scapula–Shoulder  Shoulder and Forelimbs: Humerus Shoulder and Forelimbs: Elbow Shoulder and Forelimbs: Radius, Ulna, and Carpus  Shoulder and Forelimbs: Metacarpus and Phalanges  Pelvis and Hind Limb Positioning Pelvis and Hind Limbs: Pelvis  Pelvis and Hind Limbs: Femur, Stifles, Tibia, and Fibula  Pelvis and Hind Limbs: Tarsus and Metatarsals Thorax Radiographic Contrast Studies  Types of Contrast Media Radiographic Contrast Studies Fistulography Abdominal Contrast Studies Peritoneography  Gastrointestinal Tract Contrast Studies Gastrointestinal Tract Contrast Studies: Esophagography and Gastrography Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Contrast Studies: Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Study Head Contrast Studies Head Contrast Studies Dacryocystorhinography and Sialography Spinal and Joint Contrast Studies Spinal and Joint Contrast Studies: Myelography and Epidurography Spinal and Joint Contrast Studies: Discography and Arthrography  Urethra Contrast Studies  Urethra Contrast Studies: Urethrography  Vaginal Contrast Studies  Vaginal Contrast Studies: Vaginography  Urinary Tract Contrast Studies  Urinary Tract Contrast Studies: IVP  Urinary Tract Contrast Studies: Cystography  Additional Imaging Techniques Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Fluoroscopy Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine Ultrasonography Basic Scanning Technique Sites for Ultrasound Scanning Interventional Radiology Chapter 6: General Medicine Cardiopulmonary Asthma and Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome  Bronchitis and Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic  Cardiomyopathy, Dilated  Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive and Congenital Heart Diseases Endocardiosis and Heartworm Disease Congestive Heart Failure Hypertension Myocarditis and Pleural Effusion Pneumonia Rhinitis and Sinusitis and Tracheal Collapse Dermatology Acne Acral Lick Dermatitis, Atopy, and Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)  Food Hypersensitivity and Otitis Externa Pyoderma Endocrinology and Reproduction Abortion and Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes Mellitus Dystocia and Eclampsia Hyperadrenocorticism and Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism and Hypoadrenocorticism  Hypoparathyroidism and Hypothyroidism  Mastitis  Pregnancy and Pyometra Gastroenterology Anal Sac Disease and Cholangitis and Cholangiohepatitis Constipation and Megacolon Diarrhea Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) and Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) Hepatic Disease and Failure Hepatic Lipidosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Megaesophagus Pancreatitis and Peritonitis Protein–Losing Enteropathy and Vomiting  Hematology Anemia and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Thrombocytopenia and von Willebrand’s Disease Infectious Diseases Brucellosis and Erlichiosis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Salmon Poisoning Tetanus and Toxoplasmosis Musculoskeletal Arthritis Cruciate Disease and Hip Dysplasia Osteochondrosis and Osteomyelitis Panosteitis and Patella Luxation Neurology Encephalitis and Epilepsy Intervertebral Disk Disease and Meningitis Myasthenia Gravis and Myelopathy Vestibular Disease and Wobbler Syndrome Oncology Neoplasia Histiocytoma, Mammary Gland Neoplasia, and Mast Cell Tumor  Various Neoplasias  Ophthalmology Anterior Uveitis and Cataracts Conjunctivitis and Entropion Cilia Disorders and Glaucoma Keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) Lens Luxation and Prolapsed Gland of the Third Eyelid Urology Cystic Calculi, Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD), and Pyelonephritis Renal Failure Urinary Tract Obstruction and Urinary Tract Infection Chapter 7: Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Medical Preparedness Emergency Supplies  Telephone Assessment and Emergency Transportation Recommendations Inducing Vomiting at Home Triage Primary Survey  Modified Heimlich Maneuver Hemostasis Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Secondary Survey Shock Types of Shock Cardiovascular Emergencies Environmental Emergencies Gastrointestinal Emergencies  Hematologic Emergencies Metabolic and Endocrine Emergencies  Neonate and Pediatric Emergencies Neurological Emergencies Ophthalmic Emergencies Renal and Urinary Emergencies Reproductive and Genital Emergencies Respiratory Emergencies Toxicologic Emergencies Toxins Trauma Emergencies Section Four: Patient Care Skills Chapter 8: Patient Care Skills Patient Care Monitoring Levels Hospitalized Patient Care Neonatal and Pediatric Care Heat Administration Cold Administration Recumbent Patient Care Medical Nursing Patient Monitoring Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Procedure Blood Pressure Evaluation Central Venous Pressure Central Venous Pressure Blood Gas Analysis Blood Gas Analysis Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Acid–Base Disturbances Electrocardiogram ECG Procedure ECG Leads ECG Interpretation Normal Canine ECG Heart Rate Calculation Common Rhythm Abnormalities Atrial Premature Contraction/Complex S–T Elevation Ventricular Premature Contraction/Complex ECG Problems and Artifacts Venipuncture Venipuncture Vein Choice Blood Sampling Venous Blood Collection Techniques Drug Administration Injections Intravenous Catheter Placement Peripheral and Jugular Arterial and Intraosseous Monitoring and Maintenance Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Administration Extravasation Injury Chemotherapy Toxicity Client Education: Monitoring Treatment Response Insulin Therapy Insulin Types Insulin Handling Insulin Dilution Insulin Syringes Blood Glucose Curve Insulin Constant Rate Infusions Client Education: Insulin Administration  Client Education: Monitoring Insulin Response  Client Education: Monitoring for Hypoglycemia  Fluid Therapy Hydration Assessment Calculating Fluid Requirements Routes of Fluid Administration Commonly Used Fluids Fluid Additives Calculating Drip Rates Monitoring Fluid Therapy Blood Transfusions Blood Types Feline Blood Types Blood Collection Blood Products Blood Administration Blood Transfusion Reactions Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Administration Routes of Oxygen Administration Oxygen Hood and Nasal Catheter Transtracheal and Tracheostomy Chapter 9: Pain Management Pain Management Pain Management Myths Types of Pain Acute and Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Evaluation Pain Assessment Expected Pain Associated with Illness, Injury, and Surgical and Hospital Procedures Pain Scales Instructions for using the CSU Acute Pain Scale Behaviors Suggesting Pain and Anxiety Patient Follow–Up  Pain Management Drugs Pain Management Drugs Pain Management Techniques Local Anesthesia Constant Rate Infusions Constant Rate Infusions Drugs Constant Rate Infusion Calculations Constant Rate Infusion Tips Setting up an MLK CRI Nondrug Approach to Pain Management Nondrug Approach Patient Care to Decrease Pain and Anxiety Chapter 10: Wound Care and Bandaging Wound Treatment and Bandaging Wound Healing Process Classification of Wounds Factors Affecting the Healing Process Wound Care Client Education: Drain Care Wound Cleaning Solutions Topical Wound Medications Wound Therapy Wound Bandaging General Bandaging Tips Client Education: Bandage Care Bandages Head or Ear Bandage Chest/Abdominal Bandage Extremity Bandage Robert Jones Bandage Tail Bandage Tie–Over Bandage Splints and Casts Distal Limb Splint Casts Slings Ehmer Sling 90–90 Flexion Velpeau Sling Hobbles Chapter 11: Medical Procedures Bone Procedures Bone Marrow Collection Gastrointestinal Procedures Stomach Tube and Gastric Lavage  Gastrointestinal Tube Placement Verification  Abdominocentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage  Enema, Warm Water, DSS Ophthalmic Procedures Schirmer’s Tear Test, Fluorescein Sodium Stain, and Tonometry Respiratory Procedures Thoracocentesis and Thoracostomy Tube Placement Nebulization, Coupage, and Metered–Dose Inhalers Urogenital Procedures Urine Collection: Voided, Manual Expression, and Cystocentesis Urine Collection Urine Collection Devices Urinary Catheterization Urinary Catheter Maintenance Section Five: Anesthesia and Anesthetic Procedures  Chapter 12: Anesthesia Guidelines for Safe Anesthesia Preanesthesia Preanesthetic Evaluation Preanesthetic Drugs Steps to Choosing a Preanesthetic Combination Anesthesia Anesthetic Equipment Anesthetic Machine Anesthetic Machine Setup Dead Space Anesthetic Breathing Systems Ventilation Ventilator Machine Setup Ventilation Administration Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation Anesthetic Administration General Anesthesia Induction Endotracheal Intubation Anesthetic Induction Complications Local and Regional Anesthesia  Commonly Used Local Anesthetics  Local Anesthetic Uses  Perioperative Anesthetic Monitoring Patient Care Stages of Anesthesia Anesthesia Monitoring Capnograph Waveforms Postanesthetic Recovery Stages of Anesthesia Recovery Postanesthetic Monitoring Case–Based Anesthesia Anesthetic Drugs Preanesthetic Drugs Anticholinergics, General Information Anticholinergic Drugs Phenothiazines, General Information Phenothiazine Drugs Benzodiazepines, General Information Benzodiazepines Alpha–2 Agonists, General Information Alpha–2 Agonist Drugs Opioids, General Information Opioid Drugs Injectable Induction Anesthetics  Barbiturates, General Information Barbiturate Drugs Cyclohexamines, General Information Cyclohexamine Drugs Propofol, General Information Propofol Alfaxalone, General Information Alfaxalone Etomidate, General Information Etomidate Inhalant Anesthetics Inhalant Anesthetics, General Information Inhalant Anesthetic Agents: Isoflurane and Sevoflurane  Inhalant Anesthetics: Desflurane Chapter 13: Dentistry Dentistry Anatomy Figure 13.1 Dentition: Canine and Feline  Figure 13.2 Cross section of a Triple–rooted Tooth  Figure 13.3 Skeletal Structure: Canine and Feline Figure 13.4 Cross section of Facial Structures: Canine and Feline Dental Instruments and Equipment Handheld Instruments Figure 13.5 Handheld Nonmechanical Dental Instruments Instrument Maintenance Sharpening Technique Mechanical Instruments Dental Prophylaxis Dental Cleaning Procedure Dental Charting Figure 13.6 Sample of a Patient’s Dental Health Chart Figure 13.7 Canine Dental Assessment Chart Figure 13.8 Feline Dental Assessment Chart Common Dental Disorders Anatomical Disorders Pathological Disorders Radiology Equipment Technique C hart Radiographic Film Radiographic Techniques Radiographic Positioning Extractions Extraction Procedures Local Dental Nerve Blocks Root Canal Treatment Mixing ZOE and Notes on Gutta–percha Vital Pulpotomy Chapter 14: Surgery Instrument Packs Packing Instrument Packs Folding Gowns for Sterilization Folding Drapes for Sterilization Figure 14.7 Steps to Wrapping Drapes for Sterilization Wrapping Packs for Sterilization Figure 14.8 Steps to Wrapping Packs for Sterilization Patient Preoperative Protocol Figure 14.16 Typical Surgical Scrub Pattern for an Abdominal Incision Surgical Preparation Surgical Procedures Abdominal Surgery Abdominal Hernia, Diaphragmatic Hernia, Hepatectomy Splenectomy Aural Surgery Aural Hematoma, Lateral Ear Canal Resection Gastrointestinal Surgery Anal Sacculectomy, Enterotomy Gastric Dilation Volvulus and Gastrotomy Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis Integument Surgery Abscess and Laceration Mass Removal and Onychectomy  Neurological Surgery Disk Fenestration, Dorsal Laminectomy, and Hemilaminectomy Ophthalmic Surgery Cataracts, Ectropion, and Entropion Conjunctival Flap and Enucleation Glaucoma and Nictitating Membrane Flap Replacement Prolapse of the Gland of the Third Eyelid and Traumatic Proptosis Orthopedic Surgery Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Rupture, Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO), and Fracture Repair Patellar Luxation, Total Hip Replacement, and Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) Reproductive Tract Surgery Cesarean Section, Orchiectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy Neonatal Resuscitation Postcesarean Postoperative Care of Neonates and the Dam Thoracic Surgery Sternotomy, Thoracotomy, and Intercostal Upper Respiratory Surgery Stenotic Nares, Elongated Soft Palate, Everted Laryngeal Saccules Laryngeal Paralysis/Tracheal Collapse Urogenital Tract Surgery Cystotomy and Urethostomy Urethostomy Suture Techniques Suture Patterns Knot Tying Postoperative Care Protocol Standard Postoperative Care Instructions Preventing Self–Trauma Alternative Surgical Options Endoscopy Flexible Gastrointestinal (GI) and Rigid Laser Surgery Radiation Therapy Teletherapy, Brachytherapy and Systemic Therapy Temperature Therapy Hyperthermia and Cryosurgery Section Six: Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacology Chapter 15: Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine Physical Rehabilitation Benefits of Physical Rehabilitation Physical Rehabilitation Electric Stimulation Therapy Laser Therapy Magnetic Field Therapy Temperature Therapy Therapeutic Ultrasound Therapy Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Ayurveda and Chiropractic Flower Essences and Homeopathy Homotoxicology and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Prolotherapy and Western Herbal Medicine Chapter 16: Pharmacology Basic Calculations Appendix Metric Units Weights Liquid Measure Length Kilograms to Body Surface Area Disinfectants Temperature Conversion Abbreviations Glossary Bibliography Index

Candyce M. Jack, LVT, has a Bachelor of Science in zoology from the University of Washington and an associate degree in veterinary technology from Pierce Community College. She is currently licensed and working in Washington State and is a member of her state and national technician associations. Patricia M. Watson, LVT/Hospital Manager, has a Bachelor of Science in early childhood education from James Madison University and an associate degree in veterinary technology from Pierce Community College. She is currently licensed and working in Washington State and is a member of her state and national technician associations. With Consulting Editor Valissitie Heeren , DVM, is an Associate Veterinarian at Seattle Veterinary Associates in Seattle, WA.