Shape Memory Alloy Actuators: Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Evaluation

A comprehensive resource for modeling, design, fabrication, testing, and implementation of shape memory alloy actuated devices and structures

This book provides a systematic approach to realizing NiTi shape memory alloy actuation and is aimed at science and engineering students who would like to develop a better understanding of the behaviors of SMAs, and learn to design, simulate, control, and fabricate these actuators in a systematic approach.  Several innovative biomedical applications of SMAs are discussed. These include orthopedic, rehabilitation, assistive, cardiovascular, and surgery devices and tools. To this end, unique actuation mechanisms are discussed. These include antagonistic bi–stable shape memory–superelastic actuation, shape memory spring actuation, and multiaxial tension torsion actuation. These actuation mechanisms open new possibilities for creating adaptive structures and biomedical devices by using SMAs.

Covers the most recent information in actuation using shape memory materials using a system–based approach covering design, analysis, modeling, simulation, control, and experimental evaluation of systems. Highlights the characterization of the microstructure and shape memory behavior of SMAs as an essential part of understanding and modeling the behavior of these alloys.

Provides a comprehensive review of the most common, relevant, and established NiTi processing methods including conventional metallurgy, powder metallurgy, forming, machining and cutting, joining, heat treatments, and finishing processes. Also novel processing approaches such as additive manufacturing are included. These promising new processes are expected to receive more attention toward commercialization of niche devices as well as for industrial manufacturing.

Attempts to characterize the fatigue behavior of shape memory alloys with an emphasis on NiTi fatigue. To this end, major fatigue models for SMAs are reviewed. Finally, a few examples of fatigue analysis of these alloys are presented and discussed.

Uses a single case study in several chapters of the book to illustrate the main steps of the development process of the actuators.

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Introduction 1
Christoph Haberland, Mahmoud Kadkhodaei and Mohammad H. Elahinia

2 Mathematical Modeling and Simulation 45
Reza Mirzaeifar and Mohammad H. Elahinia

3 SMA Actuation Mechanisms 85
Masood Taheri Andani, Francesco Bucchi and Mohammad H. Elahinia

4 Control of SMA Actuators 125
Hashem Ashrafiuon and Mohammad H. Elahinia

5 Fatigue of Shape Memory Alloys 155
Mohammad J. Mahtabi, Nima Shamsaei and Mohammad H. Elahinia

6 Fabricating NiTi SMA Components 191
Christoph Haberland and Mohammad H. Elahinia

7 Experimental Characterization of Shape Memory Alloys 239
Ali S. Turabi, Soheil Saedi, Sayed Mohammad Saghaian, Haluk E. Karaca and Mohammad H. Elahinia

Index 279