Mobile Video with Mobile IPv6

Explores the technology, protocols, and deployment strategiesfor IPv6–based mobile video

IP–based video distribution is expanding in the number ofdelivery methods (streaming, IPTV), the content creation methods(social media, user–generated video, web–original video), and thedisplay methods (smart TVs, smartphones, tablets). Until 2011,mobile technology was supported largely using IP Version 4 (IPv4),but increasing demand left only 1 percent of address space in thepool of available IPv4 address blocks. IPv6 was created to addressnext–generation services and the exploding user base. It isbeginning to be adopted by Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, and Akamai,among others. The deployment of IPv6 coincides with a rapidadoption of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Mobile Video with Mobile IPv6 is the first book toaddress Mobile IPv6 with applications to linear and non–linearvideo distribution. It provides an overview of the current mobilelandscape, then delves specifically into the capabilities andoperational details of IPv6. The book also addresses 3G and 4Gservices, the application of Mobile IPv6 to streaming and othermobile video outputs, and takes a look at the future of mobilevideo.

This timely guide:

Provides a comprehensive overview of the Mobile IPv6 protocol,including the Basic Mode and its various extensions Offers practical suggestions for cost–effective entertainmentdelivery within existing service provider networks Considers evolving shifts in consumer viewing habits Suggests new revenue–generating services that can be brought tothe market Examines security considerations for Mobile IPv6

Mobile Video with Mobile IPv6 is an important resourcefor planners, CTOs, and engineers at broadcast TV, cable TV, andsatellite operations, as well as Internet and ISP providers,telecommunications companies, and wireless providers. It is also auseful tool for set top box developers, storage vendors, contentdevelopers, content distribution outfits, and contentaggregators.

PREFACE xi

ABOUT THE AUTHOR xiii

1 THE MOBILE USER ENVIRONMENT: SMART PHONES, PORTABLE MEDIAPLAYERS (PMPs), AND TABLETS 1

1.1 Introduction / 1

1.2 Basic MIPv6 Operation / 3

1.3 Entertainment Video Trends / 10

1.4 Scope of Investigation / 14

Appendix 1.1A: Statistics / 15

Appendix 1.1B: Bibliography / 16

References / 18

2 IPv6BASICS 19

2.1 Overview and Motivations / 19

2.2 Address Capabilities / 23

2.2.1 IPv4 Addressing and Issues / 23

2.2.2 IPv6 Address Space / 24

2.3 IPv6 Protocol Overview / 29

2.4 IPv6 Tunneling / 37

2.5 IPsec in IPv6 / 40

2.6 Header Compression Schemes / 40

2.7 Quality of Service In IPv6 / 44

2.8 Migration Strategies to IPv6 / 45

2.8.1 Technical Approaches / 45

2.8.2 Residential Broadband Services in an IPv6 Environment /48

2.8.3 Deployment Opportunities / 50

References / 53

3 MOBILE IPv6 MECHANISMS 55

3.1 Overview / 55

3.2 Protocol Details / 63

3.2.1 Generic Mechanisms / 63

3.2.2 New IPv6 Protocol, Message Types, and Destination Option /67

3.2.3 Modifications to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery / 74

3.2.4 Requirements for Various IPv6 Nodes / 74

3.2.5 Correspondent Node Operation / 77

3.2.6 Home Agent Node Operation / 82

3.2.7 Mobile Node Operation / 82

3.2.8 Relationship to IPV4 Mobile IPv4 / 86

References / 88

4 ADVANCED FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF MIPv6–RELATEDPROTOCOLS PART 1 89

4.1 Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol / 89

4.2 Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers / 94

4.2.1 General Approach / 94

4.2.2 3G Networks Approach / 102

4.3 Multiple Care–of Addresses Registration / 104

4.3.1 Overview / 104

4.3.2 MIPv6 Extensions / 105

4.4 Mobile Node Identifier Option for MIPv6 / 106

4.5 Mobile IPv6 Management Information Base / 107

4.6 Sockets API For Mobile IPv6 / 109

References / 111

5 ADVANCED FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF MIPv6–RELATEDPROTOCOLS PART 2 112

5.1 Dual–Stack MIPv6 / 112

5.2 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 / 116

5.3 Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and NEMO / 119

5.4 Multihoming Approaches in NEMO / 122

5.5 Bootstrapping MIPv6 Information / 127

5.5.1 Basic Approach / 128

5.5.2 Mobile IPv6 Bootstrapping in Split Scenario / 128

5.6 Diameter Mobile IPv6 / 132

5.6.1 RFC 5447 Authentication Using AAA Infrastructures /132

5.6.2 RFC 5778 Authentication Using the Internet KeyExchange v2 / 134

5.7 Miscellaneous MIPv6 Capabilities / 137

5.7.1 Mobile IPv6 Vendor Specific Option / 137

5.7.2 MIPv6 Experimental Messages / 137

5.7.3 Service Selection for MIPv6 / 138

References / 139

6 PROXY MOBILE IPv6 141

6.1 Basic Proxy Mechanisms / 144

6.1.1 Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol Overview / 145

6.1.2 Signaling Call Flow / 147

6.1.3 PM IPv6 Protocol Security / 149

6.1.4 Messages / 149

6.1.5 Operations / 150

6.1.6 Summary / 153

6.2 Transient Binding / 153

6.2.1 Overview / 153

6.2.2 Use of Transient Binding Cache Entries / 155

6.3 Local Mobility Anchor Discovery / 156

6.4 Localized Routing/Direct Routing / 157

6.5 IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 / 159

6.5.1 Overview / 159

6.5.2 IPv4 Home Address Mobility Support / 162

6.5.3 IPv4 Transport Support / 164

6.5.4 Localized Routing IPv4 Considerations / 166

Appendix 6A: Network–Based Localized Mobility Management /167

6A.1 Background / 167

6A.2 The Local Mobility Problem / 168

References / 171

7 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MIPv6 173

7.1 Using IPsec to Protect MIPv6 Signaling Between Mobile Nodesand Home Agents / 173

7.1.1 Payload Packets / 174

7.1.2 Required Capabilities / 175

7.2 MIPv6 Operation with IKEv2 and Revised IPsec Architecture /176

7.2.1 Packet Formats / 176

7.2.2 Requirements / 176

7.3 Securing Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization Using a StaticShared Key / 181

7.4 Enhanced Security in Route Optimization / 182

7.5 Mobile IPv6 and Firewalls / 185

7.6 Non–IPsec Authentication Protocol For MIPv6 / 185

7.7 IP Address Location Privacy / 186

7.8 Use of Secure Neighbor Discovery / 187

7.9 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting in MIPv6 /188

7.10 Diameter Proxy Mobile IPv6 Approaches / 188

References / 189

8 MOBILE VIDEO AND VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES 190

8.1 Overview / 190

8.1.1 Quality of Experience Aspects / 195

8.1.2 QoS Aspects / 204

8.2 3/4G Services and Video Applications / 208

8.2.1 IETF IPv4/Mobile IPv4/IPv6 / 209

8.2.2 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System / 209

8.2.3 Long Term Evolution / 210

8.3 Streaming Protocols and Approaches / 223

8.3.1 Streaming / 223

8.3.2 Content Distribution Networks / 234

8.3.3 P2P Networks / 235

8.3.4 Cloud Computing / 236

8.4 MIPv6 Support in CDMA2000/WiMAX Video Environments / 238

8.5 Other Mobile Video Approaches / 240

8.5.1 ETSI Digital Video Broadcast Handheld / 240

8.5.2 Open Mobile Video Coalition Mobile Digital TV / 245

References / 252

GLOSSARY 255

INDEX 273

DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in videoengineering, design, and implementation at organizations includingTelcordia Technologies (Bellcore), Stevens Institute of Technology,AT&T, and Gartner/DataPro. He taught at Stevens Institute ofTechnology, New York University, and Rutgers University. Mr. Minolihas authored columns for Computerworld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing magazines. He has served asa technical Expert Witness and as an Advisor to high–tech VentureCapitalists.