Plant Breeding Reviews

Contents 1. Dedication: Rodomiro Ortiz: Plant Breeder, Catalyst for Agricultural Development 1 2. Phenotyping, Genetic Dissection, and Breeding for Drought and Heat Tolerance in Common Wheat: Status and Prospects 85 3. Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Food Crops 169 4. Genetic Management of Virus Diseases in Peanut 293 5. Common Bean Breeding in the Tropics 357 6. New Approaches to Cassava Breeding 427

Contributors ix 1. Dedication: Rodomiro Ortiz Plant Breeder, Catalyst for Agricultural Development 1 Jonathan H. Crouch I. Preamble 2 II. Early Years 4 III. Research Career 10 IV. The Man 51 V. The Scientist 53 VI. The Mentor, Inspirer, Manager, and Multiplier 54 VII. The Future 57 Acknowledgments 59 Publications of Rodomiro Ortiz 59 Germplasm Registrations 84 2. Phenotyping, Genetic Dissection, and Breeding for Drought and Heat Tolerance in Common Wheat: Status and Prospects 85 P. K. Gupta, H. S. Balyan, V. Gahlaut, and P. L. Kulwal I. Introduction 89 II. Target Environments 90 III. Traits and Parameters to Measure Drought and Heat Tolerance and Their Genetic Dissection in Wheat 95 IV. Synergy Among Stress–Adaptive Traits 126 V. Crop Modeling for Drought and Heat Tolerance 127 VI. High–Throughput Phenotyping 129 VII. Strategies for Developing Drought– and Heat–Tolerant Wheat Genotypes 133 VIII. Outlook 144 Acknowledgments 147 Literature Cited 147 3. Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Food Crops 169 Sangam L. Dwivedi, Kanwar L. Sahrawat, Kedar N. Rai, Matthew W. Blair, Meike S. Andersson, and Wolfgang Pfeiffer I. Introduction 173 II. Biomarkers for Assessing Nutritional Status 178 III. Micronutrient Bioavailability 180 IV. Phenotypic Screens 192 V. Mining Germplasm Collections for Natural Variation for Seed Iron, Zinc, and Phytate 205 VI. Exploiting Natural Genetic Variation to Breed for Seed Mineral–Dense Cultivars 215 VII. Enhancing Seed Iron, Zinc, and B–Carotene Using Transgene(S) 242 VIII. Outlook 258 Acknowledgments 261 Literature Cited 261 4. Genetic Management of Virus Diseases in Peanut 293 S. N. Nigam, R. D.V. J. Prasada Rao, Pooja Bhatnagar–Mathur,and K. K. Sharma I. Introduction 297 II. Virus Diseases 298 III. Breeding for Resistance to Virus Diseases 307 IV. The Future 340 Literature Cited 341 5. Common Bean Breeding in the Tropics 357 Steven Beebe I. Introduction 359 II. A Brief History 361 III. The Tropical Context 364 IV. Origins and Genetic Resources 369 V. Biotic Constraints 374 VI. Abiotic Constraints 385 VII. Yield Potential 398 VIII. Nutritional Quality 400 IX. Climbing Beans 402 X. Progress by Market Classes 403 XI. The Institutional Context 408 XII. Future Priorities, Challenges, and Opportunities 410 Acknowledgments 412 Literature Cited 412 6. New Approaches to Cassava Breeding 427 Herna´n Ceballos, Clair Hershey, and Luis Augusto Becerra–Lopez– Lavalle I. Introduction 429 II. Genetic Resources 438 III. Cassava Breeding 445 IV. Conventional and Molecular Genetics 475 V. Future Prospects 484 Literature Cited 489 Subject Index 505 Cumulative Subject Index 507 Cumulative Contributor Index 529