A Concise Manual of Pathogenic Microbiology

A quick and concise source of information on the causalagents of common infectious diseases

Pathogenic microbiology is a highly developed branch ofmicrobiology and while our understanding of the molecularaspects of microorganisms and the host microbe interactionshas grown by leaps and bounds, our need for an old–fashioned sourceof information still exists. Presented by two authors with nearly ahalf–century of combined experience in pathogenic microbiology andinfectious diseases, A Concise Manual of PathogenicMicrobiology is that necessary source.

A Concise Manual of Pathogenic Microbiology is a succinctaccount of the causal agents of most important and commoninfectious diseases. Divided into chapters based on broad taxonomicgroupings or similarities between causal agents, the book listsimportant pathogenic taxa in each group, their natural habitats,the diseases they cause, microbiological highlights, laboratorydiagnosis, and measures of prevention and control, includingavailability of vaccines and effective therapeutic agents.

Beginning with a basic introduction and terminologies, the bookcovers:

Host microbe interactions Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents Physical and chemical control of microorganisms Gram–positive and –negative cocci, bacilli, and miscellaneousbacteria Spirochetes and actinomycetes Subcutaneous and systemic mycoses Unicellular and multicellular parasites Double– and single–stranded DNA and RNA viruses and prions

A Concise Manual of Pathogenic Microbiology will serve asan accessible reference for students, nurses, physicians, publichealth workers, and other health professionals in need of areliable, quick reference on infectious diseases and their causalagents.

Preface xi

About the Authors xiii

1 Introduction 1

Koch s Postulate 2

Terminology 3

Major Categories of Pathogenic Microorganisms 4

Transmission of Infectious Disease (Mode of Dissemination) 5

Universal Precautions 6

2 Host–Microbe Interactions 9

Resident Microbiota 9

Host Defenses 11

3 Antibiotics and Other Chemotherapeutic Agents17

Classification of Antibiotics 17

Summary of the Mechanisms of Action 24

4 Antiseptics and Disinfectants 25

Physical Control of Microorganisms 25

Chemical Control of Microorganisms 27

5 Gram–Positive Cocci 31

Bacterial Taxonomy (An Overview) 31

Clinically Important Gram–Positive Cocci 32

Gram–Positive Cocci Related to Streptococcus Species38

6 Gram–Positive Bacilli 41

Clostridium Species 41

Lactobacillus Species 46

Bacillus Species 46

Listeria Species 49

7 Gram–Positive Bacteria with Rudimentary Filaments53

Corynebacterium diphtheriae 53

Mycobacterium Species 54

8 Gram–Negative Cocci 61

Neisseria Species 61

Moraxella catarrhalis 64

Haemophilus influenzae 65

An Overview of Gram–Negative Bacteria 67

9 Gram–Negative Bacilli 69

Specimen Collection 69

Media and Laboratory Diagnosis 69

Enterobacteriaceae 71

Glucose Nonfermenters 78

Uncommon Nonfermentative Taxa 81

10 Miscellaneous Gram–Negative Bacteria 83

Brucella melitensis 83

Bordetella pertussis 85

Francisella tularensis 86

Pasteurella Species 87

Vibrio cholerae 88

Aeromonas Species 90

Campylobacter Species 90

Legionella Species 92

Gardnerella vaginalis 93

Chlamydia Species 94

Rickettsia rickettsii 95

Bacteroides Species 96

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis 96

Cardiobacterium hominis 96

Streptobacillus moniliformis 96

Spirillum minus 97

11 Spirochetes and Bacteria without a Cell Wall99

Spirochetes 99

Bacteria without a Cell Wall 103

12 Actinomycetes 107

Anaerobic Actinomycetes 108

Aerobic Actinomycetes 108

Thermophilic Actinomycetes 112

13 Introduction to Pathogenic Fungi and SuperficialMycoses 113

Yeast–Like Fungi 113

Molds or Filamentous Fungi 114

Dimorphic Fungi 114

Superficial Mycoses 115

Mucocutaneous Mycoses 121

14 Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycoses 125

Subcutaneous Mycoses 125

Systemic Mycoses 127

Diseases Caused by Dimorphic Fungi 127

Diseases Caused by Yeast–Like Fungi 135

Diseases Caused by Filamentous Fungi 138

Diseases Caused by Miscellaneous Filamentous Fungi 143

15 Unicellular Parasites 145

Laboratory Methods in Parasitology 145

Diseases Caused by Lumen–Dwelling Protozoa 146

Blood– and Tissue–Dwelling Protozoa 149

16 Multicellular Parasites 155

Lumen–Dwelling Helminths 155

Blood– and Tissue–Dwelling Helminths 161

17 Viruses and Prions 165

Laboratory Diagnosis 166

Double–Stranded DNA Viruses 166

Single–Stranded DNA Viruses 171

Double–Stranded RNA Viruses 171

Single–Stranded RNA Viruses 171

Prions 179

Bibliography and Suggested Reading 181

Index 185