Therapeutic Landscapes: An Evidence–Based Approach to Designing Healing Gardens and Restorative Outdoor Spaces

The single most comprehensive and authoritative guide to designing healing gardens and restorative outdoor spaces Therapeutic Landscapes focuses critical attention on the design and creation of landscapes that promote health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based design to meet the needs of specific patient populations, as well as those of visitors and staff. It presents an overview of healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes from planning to post-occupancy evaluation and offers guidelines on which landscape architects, healthcare administrators, and funders to base their decisions. Whether the outdoor space is a courtyard, a campus, or a roof garden; whether it is part of an acute care or a residential facility; or whether it serves children, cancer patients, veterans, or the elderly, this comprehensive guide delivers proven approaches to the design of beautiful spaces that reduce stress, encourage emotional equilibrium, support recovery from illness or injury, and help patients regain lost or impaired abilities. Important features of this wide-ranging and closely detailed resource, include: Evidence-based guidelines for designers and other stakeholders in a variety of projects Patient-specific strategies covering twelve categories ranging from burn patients and psychiatric patients to hospice and Alzheimer's patients Case studies of exemplary gardens that demonstrate best practices and provide inspiration Information on participatory design and funding strategies Chapters on research, planting and maintenance, horticultural therapy, and sustainability Therapeutic Landscapes is an indispensable resource for landscape architects, other designers, students taking related courses, and healthcare administrators.

Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix ONE Introduction 1 TWO History of Hospital Outdoor Space 6 THREE Theory, Research, and Design Implications 14 FOUR Types and Locations of Therapeutic Landscapes in Healthcare 36 FIVE The Participatory Design Process 47 Teresia Hazen SIX General Design Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities 56 SEVEN Children’s Hospital Gardens 91 EIGHT Gardens for Cancer Patients 115 NINE Gardens for the Frail Elderly 129 TEN Gardens for People with Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias 148 ELEVEN Hospice Gardens 165 TWELVE Gardens for Mental and Behavioral Health Facilities 179 THIRTEEN Gardens for Veterans and Active Service Personnel 206 FOURTEEN Rehabilitation Gardens 222 FIFTEEN Restorative Gardens in Public Spaces 235 SIXTEEN Horticultural Therapy and Healthcare Garden Design 250 Teresia Hazen SEVENTEEN Planting and Maintaining Therapeutic Gardens 261 Marni Barnes EIGHTEEN Therapeutic Landscapes and Sustainability 288 NINETEEN The Business Case and Funding for Therapeutic Gardens 298 TWENTY Evaluation of Therapeutic Gardens 308 INDEX 317

Clare Cooper Marcus is Professor Emerita in the Departments of Architecture and Landscape Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley. She is recognized internationally for her pioneering research on the psychological and sociological implications of the design of housing, public open space, and restorative landscapes. Naomi A. Sachs is founder and Director of the Therapeutic Landscapes Network. She is currently pursuing a PhD in architecture at Texas A&M University. Naomi writes and lectures frequently about the restorative benefits of nature.