Homogeneous Catalysis: Mechanisms and Industrial Applications

Over the last decade, growth in the area of homogeneous catalysis with transition metal has been phenomenal, with research in this area earning three Nobel Prizes and thousands of patents filed relating to metallocene and non–metallocene single site catalysts, asymmetric catalysis, carbon–carbon bond forming metathesis and cross coupling reactions. This text explains these new developments in a unified, cogent, and easy to understand manner while also detailing earlier discoveries and the fundamentals of homogeneous catalysis. The book serves as a self–study guide for students and all chemists seeking to gain entry into this field of great scientific interest and technological promise. It can also be used by experienced researchers from both academia and industry for referring to leading state of the art review articles and patents, and also as a quick self–study manual in an area that is outside their immediate expertise. Topics explored include: Renewable feed stocks (biofuel, glycerol), Carbon dioxide based processes (Polycarbonates), Fluorous solvents, Ionic liquid, Cativa process, Novel ligands (pincer, wide bite angle etc.), Non–metallocene single site catalysts,  Selective tri– and tetramerization of ethylene (metallacycles), Biodegradable plastics (Polylactate), Suzukii and related reactions, Methane to methanol, Nitrogen to ammonia, Organo– and Biocatalysis of relevance, Catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization, E–factor, ligands, metal–ligand bonds, Zeigler–Natta catalysts, metathesis, Heck and C–C bond forming reactions, engineering aspects of carbonylation, hydroformylation, polymerization, oxidation, asymmetric catalysis.

1. Chemical Industry and Homogeneous Catalysis 1.1 Feed Stocks, Fuels and Catalysts 1.2 Crude Oil to Gasoline and Basic Building Blocks by Heterogeneous catalysts 1.3 Basic Building Blocks to Downstream Products by Homogeneous Catalysis 1.4 Comparison among Different Types of Catalysis 1.5 Catalyst Recovery 1.6 Environmental Issues Problems Bibliography 2. Basic Chemical Concepts 2.1 Ligands 2.2 Metals 2.3 Important Reaction Types Problems Bibliography 3. Methods of Investigation 3.1 Catalytic cycle and intermediates 3.2 Spectroscopic Studies 3.3 Kinetic Studies 3.4 Model Compounds 3.5 Computational Techniques (Theoretical Calculation) 3.6 Asymmetric Catalysis Problems Bibliography 4. Carbonylation and Related Reactions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Carbonylation and Manufacture of Acetic Acid 4.3 Carbonylation of Other Alcohols 4.4 Carbonylation of Methyl Acetate 4.5 Carbonylation of Alkynes 4.6 Other carbonylation and hydrocarboxylation reactions 4.7 C 1 –Chemistry 4.8 Engineering Aspects Problems Bibliography 5. Hydrogenation and Other Hydrogen Based Catalytic Reactions 5.1 Hydrogenation 5.2 Hydroformylation 5.3 Other Hydroformylation reactions 5.4 Asymmetric Hydroformylation 5.5 Hydrosilylation 5.6 Hydrocyanation 5.7 Hydroamination Problems Bibliography 6. Polymerization and Selective Oligomerization of Alkenes 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Early Catalysts for Polyethylene and Polypropylene 6.3 Modern Ziegler–Natta Catalyst 6.4 Mechanistic Studies 6.5 Single Site Catalysts 6.6 Ethylene Polymerization with Polar comonomers 6.7 Polymers of Other Alkenes 6.8 Oligomerization of Ethylene 6.9 Engineering Aspects Problems Bibliography 7. Selective C–C Bond Forming Reactions With Alkenes 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Di–, Tri–, Tetramerization and Codimerization reactions 7.3 Metathesis Reactions 7.4 Pd–Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions 7.5 Metal catalyzed Cyclopropanation and Cycloaddition Problems Bibliography 8. Oxidation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Wacker Oxidation 8.3 Metal–Catalyzed Liquid–Phase Autoxidation 8.4 Polymers from Autoxidation Products 8.5 Selective Oxidations 8.6 Engineering and Safety Considerations Problems Bibliography

Sumit Bhaduri received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and conducted post–doctoral research at Universidad di Milano, the University of Cambridge, and Northwestern University. He has over 20 years of experience in corporate R&D, covering areas as diverse as pharmaceutical intermediates, polyolefin catalysts, and cement, and he has additionally worked with Northwestern University for over 15 years as a Visiting Professor.   Doble Mukesh received B. Tech and M. Tech degrees in Chemical Engineering from IIT, Madras, India, a Ph. D. from University of Aston, Birmingham, UK, and conducted postdoctoral work at the University of Cambridge, U.K., and Texas A&M. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at IIT Madras (India) and has previously worked for 20 years in Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and General Electric Technology centers. He has authored or coauthored 165 technical papers, five books and filed 4 patents. He is a recipient of Herdillia Award for "Excellence in Basic Research" from Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a member of the American and Indian Institute of Chemical engineers, and on the editorial board of the journal CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (McGraw Hill).