Wireless Networking: Understanding Internetworking Challenges

The definitive, one–stop reference to current and futurewireless technologies

With unique emphasis on real–world networking problems andsolutions, this book reveals the nuts and bolts of all key wirelesstechnologies, including WiFi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and LTE, amongothers. Written by Johns Hopkins University wireless networkinginstructors, Wireless Networking: Understanding InternetworkingChallenges explains each technology with a minimum of theory,covering models, usage, specifications, standardization,deployment, performance, and trends.

Readers will learn how each technology is used, what problems itwas designed to solve, and how it relates to other technologies inthe marketplace, both data and cellular. Historical developmentsand future directions are also explored, from the evolution of thewireless Internet to key technology trends, such as MIMO,multi–carrier modulation, and network coding. WirelessNetworking:

Addresses the wireless standardization process, includingstandard–setting organizations, from IEEE to the WiFi Alliance Examines personal and local area networks, from Bluetooth andUltra Wideband to WLAN technologies Reviews wireless metropolitan area networks, covering fixedWiMAX technology and its transition to cellular Discusses 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular communications, from GSM andGPRS to CDMA2000 and LTE–Advanced Explains what Mobile Internetworking is about, along withnetwork layer and transport layer considerations

With this outstanding resource at their side, engineers inwireless networking will be able to tackle with confidenceinternetworking challenges and gain a global networkingperspective.

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Authors xv

List of Acronyms xvii

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Data Networks versus Cellular Networks 2

1.2 The History of the Wireless Internet 3

1.3 The Difference between Wireless and Wired 4

1.4 The Wireless Internet: Different Models 6

1.5 A Review of Layered Communications Models 9

1.6 Wireless Data Networking Technologies at a Glance 13

1.7 Cellular Networking Technologies at a Glance 18

2. The Wireless Ecosystem 29

2.1 Wireless Standardization Process 29

2.2 IEEE 30

2.3 IETF 32

2.4 3GPP 35

2.5 3GPP2 39

2.6 International Telecommunications Union 40

2.7 Wi–Fi Alliance 45

2.8 WiMax Forum 47

2.9 Bluetooth Special Interest Group 48

2.10 Summary of The Wireless Ecosystem 49

3. Wireless Personal Area Networks 51

3.1 Bluetooth 51

3.2 ZigBee 71

3.3 Ultra Wideband 106

4. Wireless Local Area Networks 112

4.1 The Original 802.11 Specification 113

4.2 IEEE 802.11b 129

4.3 IEEE 802.11a 134

4.4 IEEE 802.11g 138

4.5 IEEE 802.11e 139

4.6 IEEE 802.11n 142

4.7 IEEE 802.11 Security Models 174

4.8 Other WLAN Technologies 178

4.9 Performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN Technologies 182

4.10 The Future Direction of IEEE 802.11 192

Additional Reading and Online Resources 194

5. Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks 195

5.1 Fixed WiMAX Technology Overview 199

5.2 Usage 246

5.3 Evolution 247

5.4 WiMAX Transition to Cellular Technology 247

Recommended Additional Reading 248

6. Second–Generation (2G) Cellular Communications 250

6.1 Historical Perspectives 251

6.2 Overview of 2G Technologies 252

6.3 2G Deployments 253

6.4 Chapter Overview 254

6.5 An Introduction to GSM 254

6.6 GSM Technology Overview 263

6.7 GSM Physical Layer 303

6.8 GSM Signaling at the Air Interface 308

6.9 GPRS Overview 312

6.10 GSM Security Aspects 345

6.11 EDGE Enhancements 347

6.12 GSM Evolution 351

6.13 GSM Usage 361

Further GSM Reading 363

Acknowledgments 365

7. Third–Generation (3G) Cellular Communications 366

7.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 366

7.2 Mobile WiMAX 402

7.3 CDMA2000 420

Recommended Additional Reading 468

8. Fourth–Generation (4G) Cellular Communications 469

8.1 Long–Term Evolution 470

8.2 LTE–Advanced 549

8.3 IEEE 802.16M 557

Acknowledgments 558

9. Mobile Internetworking 559

9.1 What Is Meant by Mobile Internetworking? 559

9.2 Network Layer Considerations 560

9.3 Transport Layer Considerations 578

10. Key Wireless Technology Trends: A Look at the Future 593

10.1 MIMO 594

10.2 Multicarrier Modulation 601

10.3 Cognitive Radio 611

10.4 Cross–Layer Radio 615

10.5 Network Coding 618

11. Building the Wireless Internet: Putting It All Together 623

11.1 Dimensions of Performance 624

11.2 Concluding Remarks 630

References 632

Index 650

JACK L. BURBANK is a Principal Professional Staff in theCommunications and Network Technologies group at The Johns HopkinsUniversity Applied Physics Laboratory. He is an Associate TechnicalEditor of the IEEE Communications Magazine.

JULIA ANDRUSENKO is a communications engineer at TheJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

JARED S. EVERETT is an electrical and computer engineerand a member of both the IEEE Communications Society and the IEEEInformation Theory Society.

WILLIAM T. M. KASCH is a member of the SeniorProfessional Staff at The Johns Hopkins University Applied PhysicsLaboratory. His interests include IEEE/IETF standards and wirelessnetwork design.