Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders

This up-to-date, superbly illustrated book is a practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with sleep disorders. There are detailed reviews of new neuroimaging techniques – including CT, MRI, advanced MR techniques, SPECT and PET – as well as image analysis methods, their roles and pitfalls. Neuroimaging of normal sleep and wake states is covered plus the role of neuroimaging in conjunction with tests of memory and how sleep influences memory consolidation. Each chapter carefully presents and analyzes the key findings in patients with sleep disorders indicating the clinical and imaging features of the various sleep disorders from clinical presentation to neuroimaging, aiding in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Written by neuroimaging experts from around the world, Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders is an invaluable resource for both researchers and clinicians including sleep specialists, neurologists, radiologists, psychiatrists, psychologists.

Preface; Part I. Introduction: 1. The role of neuroimageing in sleep and sleep disorders; 2. Neuroanatomy and physiology of sleep and wakefulness; 3. Fundamentals of structural MR imaging; 4. Fundamentals of MRI for assessing brain function and metabolism; 5. Fundamentals of PET scanning; 6. Fundamentals of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/CT imaging; 7. Fundamentals of transcranial B-mode sonography; 8. Fundamentals of magnetoencephalography; 9. Fundamentals of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography; 10. Methodology of combined EEG and fMRI; Part II. Neuroimaging of Wakefulness and Sleep: 11. Neuroimaging of wakefulness; 12. Neuroimaging of phasic and non-phasic NREM activities; 13. Functional connectivity in wakefulness and sleep; 14. Functional neuroimaging of human REM sleep; 15. Complementarity of dream research and neuroimaging of sleep; Part III. Neuroimaging, Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment: 16. Functional neuroimaging of sleep deprivation; 17. Neuroimaging of attention and alteration of processing capacity in sleep-deprived persons; 18. Economic decision-making and the sleep-deprived brain; 19. Functional imaging of inter-individual differences in response to sleep deprivation; 20. Neuroimaging the interaction between circadian and homeostatic processes; 21. Neuroimaging the effects of light on non-visual brain functions; Part IV. Sleep and Memory: 22. Memory systems, sleep and neuroimaging; Part V. Neuroimaging of Sleep Disorders: (a) Insomnias and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: 23. Imaging causes and consequences of insomnia and sleep complaints; 24. Functional neuroimaging of primary insomnia; 25. Sleep neuroimaging in depression and schizophrenia; (b) CNS Hypersomnias: 26. Structural neuroimaging of narcolepsy; 27. Functional neuroimaging of narcolepsy; 28. Neuroimaging of treatment response in narcolepsy; 29. Modafinil effects in narcolepsy; 30. Neuroimaging of Kleine–Levin syndrome; Cases: Hypersomnia: 31. Neuroimaging of cataplexy; (c) Sleep-related Breathing Disorders: 32. Structural brain neuroimaging changes in obstructive sleep apnea; 33. Imaging the airway in obstructive sleep apnea; 34. Neuroimaging cognitive effects in obstructive sleep apnea; 35. Neuroimaging of autonomic dysfunction and ventilatory control in obstructive sleep apnea; 36. Neuroimaging of treatment effects in obstructive sleep apnea; 37. Structural and functional neuroimaging of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; (d) Parasomnias: 38. Neuroimaging of disorders of arousal and other parasomnias; 39. Neuroimaging of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy in patients with sleep disturbance; 40. Neuroimaging of idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder; 41. Cardiac (123)I-MIBG scintigraphic findings and REM sleep behaviour disorder; 42. Neuroimaging and post-traumatic stress disorder; Cases: Parasomnias: 43. Neuroimaging of sleepwalking; 44. Neuroimaging of the brainstem in parasomnia overlap disorder; 45. Nocturnal wanderings and arachnoid cyst; (e) Other Sleep-related Neurological Disorders: 46. Structural and functional neuroimaging of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep; 47. Functional neuroimaging of dopamine, iron and opiates in restless legs syndrome; 48. Neuroimaging and fatal familial insomnia; 49. Neuroimaging of sleep-related epilepsies; 50. Sleep, neuroimaging and polysomnography of Wilson's disease; (f) Medication Effects: 51. Functional neuroimaging: sedating medication effects; 52. Functional neuroimaging of alerting medication effects; Cases: Medication Effects: 53. Zolpidem-induced parasomnias; Index.