An Annotated Syntax Reader: Lasting Insights and Questions

An Annotated Syntax Reader presents a collection of excerpted foundational articles in the field of syntax – readings that most clearly demonstrate the empirical and theoretical reasoning that form the foundation of current syntactic theory. The papers are reduced to core excerpts, facilitating readers′ access to observing seminal ideas at their inception and to understanding how and why they continue to inform current thinking. Each article is accompanied by an introduction, which sets it in context and highlights its relation to current frameworks and ideas; and by a carefully chosen series of discussion questions, which invite readers to reflect on issues raised in the article and connect them to recent works in the syntax literature. An Annotated Syntax Reader: Lasting Insights and Questions is an invitation for emerging scholars to consider the core issues in syntax with an appreciation for the intellectual history of today’s ideas. “This valuable volume is greatly to be welcomed. The selection of papers and the thoughtful and informative commentary provide an outstanding guide to the progress in understanding of language and its fundamental properties as it has developed in the past half century of highly productive inquiry” Noam Chomsky , Massachusetts Institute of Technology “This book is a treasure trove for students, teachers and researchers alike. The chapters constitute milestones in the history of formal syntax, and the editors’ carefully developed annotations and introduction help place chapters in relation to the field in general and in relation to each other.” Liliane Haegeman , Ghent University “An invaluable collection of articles that have shaped our current understanding of syntactic theory. It’s not a historical overview of the field, nor just a record of some of its more stable findings. The introductions and questions that accompany each of the 35 (excerpted) articles constitute a unique tool for students (and researchers) to go beyond the results obtained there. A beautiful idea.” Guglielmo Cinque , University of Venice “To have all these classics collected in one volume is wonderful. To have them edited and annotated by this team of linguists is almost too good to be true.” Anders Holmberg , Newcastle University

Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 1 On So–Called “Pronouns” in English, 1966 12 Paul Postal 2 On Complementizers: Toward a Syntactic Theory of Complement Types, 1970 26 Joan W. Bresnan 3 Remarks on Nominalization, 1970 42 Noam Chomsky 4 Conditions on Transformations, 1973 58 Noam Chomsky 5 On Grammatical Relations and Clause Structure in Verb–Initial Languages, 1977 74 Stephen R. Anderson and Sandra Chung 6 On Wh–Movement, 1977 86 Noam Chomsky 7 Why Subject Sentences Don’t Exist, 1978 108 Jan Koster 8 Violations of the Wh Island Constraint in Italian and the Subjacency Condition, 1980 121 Luigi Rizzi 9 On Certain Differences between French and English, 1981 136 Richard S. Kayne 10 Move WH in a Language without WH Movement, 1982 151 C. T. James Huang 11 Negation, Wh–Movement, and the Null Subject Parameter, 1982 169 Luigi Rizzi 12 The Mirror Principle and Morphosyntactic Explanation, 1985 187 Mark Baker 13 On the Double Object Construction, 1988 203 Richard K. Larson 14 Facets of Romance Past Participle Agreement, 1989 220 Richard S. Kayne 15 Verb Movement, Universal Grammar, and the Structure of IP, 1989 233 Jean–Yves Pollock 16 Parameters of Phrase Structure, 1989 247 Lisa Travis 17 Negative Heads and the Neg Criterion, 1991 262 Liliane Haegeman and Raffaella Zanuttini 18 Romance Clitics, Verb Movement, and PRO, 1991 277 Richard S. Kayne 19 The Position of Subjects, 1991 294 Hilda Koopman and Dominique Sportiche 20 On Argument Structure and the Lexical Expression of Syntactic Relations, 1993 312 Kenneth Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser 21 Reference and Proper Names: A Theory of N–Movement in Syntax and Logical Form, 1994 328 Giuseppe Longobardi 22 The Noun Phrase, 1994 347 Anna Szabolcsi 23 Distributivity and Negation. The Syntax of Each and Every, 1997 364 Filippo Beghelli and Tim Stowell 24 The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery, 1997 379 Luigi Rizzi 25 The Typology of Structural Deficiency: A Case Study of the Three Classes of Pronouns, 1999 400 Anna Cardinaletti and Michal Starke 26 Bare and Not–So–Bare Nouns and the Structure of NP, 1999 413 Lisa Lai–Shen Cheng and Rint Sybesma 27 Remarks on Holmberg’s Generalization, 1999 430 Anders Holmberg 28 Movement and Control, 1999 448 Norbert Hornstein 29 VSO and VOS: Aspects of Niuean Word Order, 2000 463 Diane Massam 30 Derivation by Phase, 2001 482 Noam Chomsky 31 IP–Internal Topic and Focus Phrases, 2001 497 K. A. Jayaseelan 32 The Configurational Structure of a Nonconfigurational Language, 2001 515 Julie Anne Legate 33 Antisymmetry and Japanese, 2003 533 Richard S. Kayne 34 “Restructuring” and Functional Structure, 2004 551 Guglielmo Cinque 35 Deriving Greenberg’s Universal 20 and Its Exceptions, 2005 569 Guglielmo Cinque Index 583

Richard S. Kayne is Silver Professor in the Department of Linguistics at New York University. He is the editor of Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax, and author of French Syntax (1975), Connectedness and Binary Branching (1984), The Antisymmetry of Syntax (1994), Parameters and Universals (2000), Movement and Silence (2005), and Comparisons and Contrasts (2010). Raffaella Zanuttini is Professor of Linguistics at Yale University. She is the author of Negation and Clausal Structure: A Comparative Study of Romance Languages (1997). Thomas Leu is Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the Université du Québec à Montréal.