Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment involving the induction of a seizure through the transmission of electricity in the brain. Because of exploitation movies and greatly heightened drug company promotional activities ECT was used less frequently in the 1980s and 1990s. Eventually these movies were understood as unrealistic. Now these drugs are increasingly recognized as dangers to body health. Because of recent refinements and a far better scientific understanding of the clinical procedures and mechanisms underpinning ECT, this treatment modality has seen a resurgence in use and widespread appreciation of its safety. This book is the new definitive reference on electroconvulsive and neuromodulation therapies. It comprehensively covers the scientific basis and clinical practice of ECT as well as comparisons between ECT and medication therapies including the new generation of antipsychotic drugs. It also provides readers with administrative perspectives and specific details for the management of this modality in clinical practice. The new forms of nonconvulsive electrical and magnetic brain stimulation therapy are also covered in detail, in a separate section. The chapter authors are leading scholars and clinicians.

Spis treści:
Preface Conrad M. Swartz
Part I. Scientific and Experimental Bases of ECT
1. ECT and electricity Conrad M. Swartz
2. Non-electrical convulsive therapies Niall McCrae
3. Neurochemical effects of electrically induced seizures, relevance to the antidepressant mechanism of ECT Renana Eitan, Bernard Lerer, and Galit Landshut
4. Hypothesized mechanisms and sites of action of ECT Nikolaus Michael
5. Brain imaging and ECT Hal Blumenfeld and Kathy Peng
6. Evidence for ECT efficacy in mood disorders Keith Rasmussen
7. Clinical evidence for the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of catatonia and psychoses Gabor Gazdag, Gabor Ungvari, Stephan Mann, and Stanley Caroff
8. Hormonal effects of ECT Conrad M. Swartz
Part II. Historical, Societal and Geographic Perspectives
9. History of electroconvulsive therapy Edward Shorter
10. ECT in biographical books and movies Andrew McDonald and Garry Walter
11. Professional barriers to offering or providing electroconvulsive therapy William Reid
12. Legislation that regulates, limits or bans ECT Alan Felthous
Part III. International Perspectives
13. ECT availability in the United States Barbara Rohland and Michelle Magid
14. ECT in Scandinavia and the UK Susan Benbow and Tom Bolwig
15. Electroconvulsive therapy in continental western Europe, a literature review Walter W. van den Broek and Pascal Sienaert
16. ECT in Asia Sidney Chang
17. History of ECT in the Russian Federation Alexander Nelson and Nataliya Giagou
18. ECT in Latin America Moacyr Alexandro Rosa and Marina Odebrecht Rosa
Part IV. Administrative Perspectives
19. ECT hospital policy and quality assurance Barry Alan Kramer
20. Staff management and physical layout for ECT Jerry Lewis
21. ECT forms Jerry Lewis
Part V. The Clinical Manual
22. Patient selection and ECT indications Conrad M. Swartz
23. ECT or antipsychotic drugs (or benzodiazepines for catatonia) Conrad M. Swartz
24. Informed consent Peter Rosenquist
25. ECT in the medically ill Keith Rasmussen and Paul Mueller
26. Anesthesia for ECT Charles Kellner, Dongchen Li, and Limore Maron
27. Stimulus electrode placement Conrad M. Swartz
28. Stimulus dosing W. Vaughn McCall
29. EEG monitoring and implications Hideki Azuma
30. ECT cognitive effects and testing J. Stuart Lawson
31. ECT methods in children and adolescents Garry Walter, Colleen Loo, and Joseph Rey
32. Post-ECT evaluation and prophylaxis Walter W. van den Broek and Tom K. Birkenhager
33. Ambulatory and maintenance ECT Charles Kellner and Unnati Patel
Part VI. Neuromodulation Treatment
34. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Pinhas Dannon and Oded Rosenberg
35. Vagus nerve stimulation, indications, efficacy and methods Mustafa M. Husain, Shawn McClintock, and Kenneth Trevino
36. Deep brain stimulation, methods, indications, locations, and efficacy Thomas Schlaepfer and B. H. Bewernick
37. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) Felipe Fregni and Julie Williams.