Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Toward Human–Centric Computing

A self–contained treatment of fuzzy systems engineering, offering conceptual fundamentals, design methodologies, development guidelines, and carefully selected illustrative material
Forty years have passed since the birth of fuzzy sets, in which time a wealth of theoretical developments, conceptual pursuits, algorithmic environments, and other applications have emerged. Now, this reader–friendly book presents an up–to–date approach to fuzzy systems engineering, covering concepts, design methodologies, and algorithms coupled with interpretation, analysis, and underlying engineering knowledge. The result is a holistic view of fuzzy sets as a fundamental component of computational intelligence and human–centric systems.
Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the direct applicability and limitations of the concepts being discussed, and historical and bibliographical notes are included in each chapter to help readers view the developments of fuzzy sets from a broader perspective. A radical departure from current books on the subject, Fuzzy Systems Engineering presents fuzzy sets as an enabling technology whose impact, contributions, and methodology stretch far beyond any specific discipline, making it applicable to researchers and practitioners in engineering, computer science, business, medicine, bioinformatics, and computational biology. Additionally, three appendices and classroom–ready electronic resources make it an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate– and graduate–level courses in engineering and science.

Spis treści:
Preface.
1 Introduction.
1.1 Digital communities and a fundamental quest for human–centric systems.
1.2 A historical overview: towards a non–Aristotelian perspective of the world.
1.3 Granular Computing.
1.4 Quantifying information granularity: generality versus specificity.
1.5 Computational Intelligence.
1.6 Gr anular Computing and Computational Intelligence.
1.7 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
2 Notions and Concepts of Fuzzy Sets.
2.1 Sets and fuzzy sets: a departure from the principle of dichotomy.
2.2 Interpretation of fuzzy sets.
2.3 Membership functions and their motivation.
2.4 Fuzzy numbers and intervals.
2.5 Linguistic variables.
2.6 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
3 Characterization of Fuzzy Sets.
3.1 A generic characterization of fuzzy sets: some fundamental descriptors.
3.2 Equality and inclusion relationships in fuzzy sets.
3.3 Energy and entropy measures of fuzziness.
3.4 Specificity of fuzzy sets.
3.5 Geometric interpretation of sets and fuzzy sets.
3.6 Granulation of information.
3.7 Characterization of the families of fuzzy sets.
3.8 Fuzzy sets, sets, and the representation theorem.
3.9 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
4 The Design of Fuzzy Sets.
4.1 Semantics of fuzzy sets: some general observations.
4.2 Fuzzy set as a descriptor of feasible solutions.
4.3 Fuzzy set as a descriptor of the notion of typicality.
4.4 Membership functions in the visualization of preferences of solutions.
4.5 Nonlinear transformation of fuzzy sets.
4.6 Vertical and horizontal schemes of membership estimation.
4.7 Saaty′s priority method of pairwise membership function estimation.
4.8 Fuzzy sets as granular representatives of numeric data.
4.9 From numeric data to fuzzy sets.
4.10 Fuzzy equalization.
4.11 Linguistic approximation.
4.12 Design guidelines for the construction of fuzzy sets.
4.13 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
5 Operations and Aggregations of Fuzzy Sets.
5.1 Standard operations on sets and fuzzy sets.
5.2 Generic requirements for operations on fuzzy sets.
5.3 Triangular norms.
5.4 Triangular conorms.
5.5 Triangular norms as a general category of logical operators.
5.6 Aggregation operations.
5.7 Fuzzy measure and integral.
5.8 Negations.
5.9 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
6 Fuzzy Relations.
6.1 The concept of relations.
6.2 Fuzzy relations.
6.3 Properties of the fuzzy relations.
6.4 Operations on fuzzy relations.
6.5 Cartesian product, projections and cylindrical extension of fuzzy sets.
6.6 Reconstruction of fuzzy relations.
6.7 Binary fuzzy relations.
6.8 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
7 Transformations of Fuzzy Sets.
7.1 The extension principle.
7.2 Compositions of fuzzy relations.
7.3 Fuzzy relational equations.
7.4 Associative Memories.
7.5 Fuzzy numbers and fuzzy arithmetic.
7.6 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
8 Generalizations and Extensions of Fuzzy Sets.
8.1 Fuzzy sets of higher order.
8.2 Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets.
8.3 Interval–valued fuzzy sets.
8.4 Type–2 fuzzy sets.
8.5 Shadowed sets as a three–valued logic characterization of fuzzy sets.
8.6 Probability and fuzzy sets.
8.7 Probability of fuzzy events.
8.8 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
9 Interoperability Aspects of Fuzzy Sets.
9.1 Fuzzy set and its family of s–cuts.
9.2 Fuzzy sets and their interfacing with the external world.
9.3 Encoding and decoding as an optimization problem of vector quantization.
9.4 Decoding of a fuzzy set through a family of fuzzy sets.
9.5 Taxonomy of data in structure description with shadowed sets.
9.6 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
10. Fuzzy Modeling: Principles and Methodology.
10.1 The architectural blueprint o f fuzzy models.
10.2 Key phases of the development and use of fuzzy models.
10.3 Main categories of fuzzy models: an overview.
10.4 Verification and validation of fuzzy models.
10.5 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
11 Rule–based Fuzzy Models.
11.1 Fuzzy rules as a vehicle of knowledge representation.
11.2 General categories of fuzzy rules and their semantics.
11.3 Syntax of fuzzy rules.
11.4 Basic Functional Modules: Rule base, Database, and Inference scheme.
11.5 Types of Rule–Based Systems and Architectures.
11.6 Approximation properties of fuzzy rule–based models.
11.7 Development of Rule–Based Systems.
11.8 Parameter estimation procedure for functional rule–based systems.
11.9 Design issues of rule–based systems – consistency, completeness, and the curse of dimensionality.
11.10 The curse of dimensionality in rule–based systems.
11.11 Development scheme of fuzzy rule–based models.
11.12 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
12 From Logic Expressions to Fuzzy Logic Networks.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Main categories of fuzzy neurons.
12.3 Uninorm–based fuzzy neurons.
12.4 Architectures of logic networks.
12.5 The development mechanisms of the fuzzy neural networks.
12.6 Interpretation of the fuzzy neural networks.
12.7 From fuzzy logic networks to Boolean functions and their minimization through learning.
12.8 Interfacing the fuzzy neural network.
12.9 Interpretation aspects – a refinement of induced rule–based system.
12.10 Reconciliation of perception of information granules and granular mappings.
12.11 Conclusions.
Exercises and problems.
Historical notes.
References.
13. Fuzzy Systems and Computational Intelligence.
13.1 Computational Intelligence.
13.2 Recurrent neurofuzzy systems.