Introduction to Physical Polymer Science

An Updated Edition of the Classic Text
Polymers constitute the basis for the plastics, rubber, adhesives, fiber, and coating industries. The Fourth Edition of Introduction to Physical Polymer Science acknowledges the industrial success of polymers and the advancements made in the field while continuing to deliver the comprehensive introduction to polymer science that made its predecessors classic texts.
The Fourth Edition continues its coverage of amorphous and crystalline materials, glass transitions, rubber elasticity, and mechanical behavior, and offers updated discussions of polymer blends, composites, and interfaces, as well as such basics as molecular weight determination. Thus, interrelationships among molecular structure, morphology, and mechanical behavior of polymers continue to provide much of the value of the book.
Newly introduced topics include:Nanocomposites, including carbon nanotubes and exfoliated montmorillonite claysThe structure, motions, and functions of DNA and proteins, as well as the interfaces of polymeric biomaterials with living organismsThe glass transition behavior of nano–thin plastic films
In addition, new sections have been included on fire retardancy, friction and wear, optical tweezers, and more.
Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, Fourth Edition provides both an essential introduction to the field as well as an entry point to the latest research and developments in polymer science and engineering, making it an indispensable text for chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and polymer science and engineering students and professionals.

Spis treści:
Preface to the Fourth Edition.
Preface to the First Edition.
Symbols and Definitions.
1. Introduction to Polymer Science.
1.1. From Little Molecules to Big Molecules.
1.2. Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distributions.
1.2.1. Effect on Tensile Strength.
1.2.2. Molecular Weight Averages.
1.3. Major Polymer Transitions.
1.4. Polymer Synthesis and Structure.
1.4.1. Chain Polymerization.
1.4.1.1. Free Radical Polymerization.
1.4.1.2. Initiation.
1.4.1.3. Propagation.
1.4.1.4. Termination.
1.4.1.5. Structure and Nomenclature.
1.4.2. Step Polymerization.
1.4.2.1. A Polyester Condensation Reaction.
1.4.2.2. Stepwise Nomenclature and Structures.
1.4.2.3. Natural Product Polymers.
1.5. Cross–Linking, Plasticizers, and Fillers.
1.6. The Macromolecular Hypothesis.
1.7. Historical Development of Industrial Polymers.
1.8. Molecular Engineering.
References.
General Reading.
Handbooks, Encyclopedias, and Dictionaries.
Web Sites.
Study Problems.
Appendix 1.1. Names for Polymers.
2. Chain Structure and Configuration.
2.1. Examples of Configurations and Conformations.
2.1.1. Head–to–Head and Head–to–Tail Configurations.
2.1.2. Trans–Gauche Conformations.
2.2. Theory and Instruments.
2.2.1. Chemical Methods of Determining Microstructure.
2.2.2. General Physical Methods.
2.2.3. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization.
2.2.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods.
2.3. Stereochemistry of Repeating Units.
2.3.1. Chiral Centers.
2.3.2. Tacticity in Polymers.
2.3.3. Meso– and Racemic Placements.
2.3.4. Proton Spectra by NMR.
2.4. Repeating Unit Isomerism.
2.4.1. Optical Isomerism.
2.4.2. Geometric Isomerism.
2.4.3. Substitutional Isomerism.
2.4.4. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization.
2.5. Common Types of Copolymers.
2.5.1. Unspecified Copolymers.
2.5.2. Statistical Copolymers.
2.5.3. Random copolymers.
2.5.4. Alternating Copolymers.
2.5.5. Periodic Copolymers.
2.6. NMR in Modern Research.
2.6.1. Dilute Solution Studies: Mer Distribution.
2.6.2. High–Resolution NMR in the Solid State.
2.7. Multicomponent Polym ers.
2.7.1. Block Copolymers.
2.7.2. Graft Copolymers.
2.7.3. AB–Cross–linked Copolymers.
2.7.4. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks.
2.7.5. Other Polymer–Polymer Combinations.
2.7.6. Separation and Identification of Multicomponent Polymers.
2.8. Conformational States in Polymers.
2.9. Analysis of Polymers during Mechanical Strain.
2.10. Photophysics of Polymers.
2.10.1. Quenching Phenomena.
2.10.2. Excimer Formation.
2.10.3. Experimental Studies.
2.10.3.1. Microstructure of Polystyrene.
2.10.3.2. Excimer Stability.
2.11. Configuration and Conformation.
References.
General Reading.
Study Problems.
Appendix 2.1. Assorted Isomeric and Copolymer Macromolecules.
3. Dilute Solution Thermodynamics, Molecular Weights, and Sizes.
3.1. Introduction.
3.1.1. Polymer Size and Shape.
3.1.2. How Does a Polymer Dissolve?.
3.2. The Solubility Parameter.
3.2.1. Solubility Parameter Tables.
3.2.2. Experimental Determination.
3.2.3. Theoretical Calculation: An Example.
3.3. Thermodynamics of Mixing.
3.3.1. Types of Solutions.
3.3.1.1. The Ideal Solution.
3.3.1.2. Statistical Thermodynamics of Mixing.
3.3.1.3. Other Types of Solutions.
3.3.2. Dilute Solutions.
3.3.3. Values of the Flory–Huggins c1 Parameter.
3.3.4. A Worked Example for the Free Energy of Mixing.
3.4. Molecular Weight Averages.
3.5. Determination of the Number–Average Molecular Weight.
3.5.1. End–Group Analyses.
3.5.2 Colligative Properties.
3.5.3. Osmotic Pressure.
3.5.3.1. Thermodynamic Basis.
3.5.3.2. Instrumentation.
3.5.3.3. The Flory q–Temperature.
3.6. Weight–Average Molecular Weights and Radii of Gyration.
3.6.1. Scattering Theory and Formulations.
3.6.2. The Appropriate Angular Range.
3.6.3. The Zimm Plot.
3.6.4. Polymer Chain Dimensions and Random Coils.
3.6.5. Scattering Data.
3.6.6. Dynamic Light–Scatt ering.
3.7. Molecular Weights of Polymers.
3.7.1. Molecular Weights of Polymers.
3.7.2. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Polymerization.
3.7.2.1. Thermodynamics of Chain Polymerization.
3.7.2.2. Kinetics of Chain Polymerization.
3.7.2.3. Thermodynamics of Step Polymerization.
3.7.2.4. Kinetics of Step Polymerizations.
3.7.3. Molecular Weight Distributions.
3.7.4. Gelation and Network Formation.
3.8. Intrinsic Viscosity.
3.8.1. Definition of Terms.
3.8.2. The Equivalent Sphere Model.
3.8.3. The Mark–Houwink Sakurada Relationship.
3.8.4. Intrinsic Viscosity Experiments.
3.8.5. Example Calculation Involving Intrinsic Viscosity.
3.9. Gel Permeation Chromatography.
3.9.1. Theory of Gel Permeation Chromatography.
3.9.2. Utilization of Distribution Coefficients in GPC and HPLC.
3.9.3. Types of Chromatography.
3.9.4. GPC Instrumentation.
3.9.5. Calibration.
3.9.6. Selected Current Research Problems.
3.9.7. The Universal Calibration.
3.9.8. Properties of Cyclic Polymers.
3.10. Mass Spectrometry.
3.10.1. High Molecular Weight Studies.
3.10.2. Advances Using MALDI Techniques.
3.10.2.1. Small Sample Size.
3.10.2.2. Oligomer and Telomer–Type Studies.
3.10.2.3. Calibration of Results.
3.11. Instrumentation for Molecular Weight Determination.
3.12. Solution Thermodynamics and Molecular Weights.
References.
General Reading.
Study Problems.
Appendix 3.1. Calibration and Application of Light–Scattering.
Instrumentation for the Case Where P(q) = 1 / 142.
4. Concentrated Solutions, Phase Separation Behavior, and Diffusion.
4.1. Phase Separation and Fractionation.
4.1.1. Motor Oil Viscosity Example.
4.1.2. Polymer–Solvent Systems.
4.1.3. Vitrification Effects.
4.2. Regions of the Polymer–Solvent Phase Diagram.
4.3. Polymer–Polymer Phase Separation.
4.3.1. Phase Diagrams.
4.3.2. Thermodynamics of Phase Separati