Optical Bit Error Rate: An Estimation Methodology

A comprehensive, analytical approach to bit error rate estimation of transmitted signals
Few subjects are more crucial to the quality of service of DWDM optical communications systems and networks than bit error rate (BER) estimation. One of the world’s leading authorities on DWDM, Stamatios Kartalopoulos, offers this comprehensive treatment of an easy–to–follow approach to BER estimation.
Optical Bit Error Rate is an authoritative guide that describes the sources effecting the quality of optical signals. It lays the theoretical foundation on which signal quality and optical channel performance are estimated, monitored, and detected, and presents a cost–effective method for the automatic estimation of BER, Q–factor, and SNR, using integrated circuitry at the receiver. Among the key issues covered in this informative and thought–provoking reference are:Noise sources in the optical transmission mediumOptical transmitter and receiver noiseThe eye diagramErrored bits and the bit error rateError detection and correction methodologyBER statistical measurements
Complete with a companion CD–ROM, prepared by RSoft, using their latest simulation software OptSim™, and containing ten real–life exercises that cover a wide spectrum of link–layer problems including optical amplifiers, Optical Bit Error Rate is the definitive guide for communications engineers looking for detailed information on this critically important topic.

Spis treści:
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
Constants, Conversions and Useful Formulae.
Introduction.
1 Principles of Modulation and Digital Transmission.
1.1 Digital Versus Analog.
1.2 Spectrum in Optical Communications.
1.3 Linear Response to Square Input Pulses.
1.4 Principles of Modulation.
1.5 Modulator Types.
1.6 Principles of Decoding.
2 Optical Propag ation.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 The Wave Nature of Light.
2.3 Classical Interference.
2.4 Quantum Interference.
2.5 Light Attributes.
2.6 Matter.
2.7 Propagation of Light.
2.8 Diffraction.
2.9 Polarization.
2.10 Paradoxes.
2.11 Material Dispersion.
2.12 Glass Fiber, an Optical Transmission Medium.
2.13 Dispersion.
2.14 Fiber Polarization–Dependent Loss.
2.15 Self–Phase Modulation.
2.16 Self–Modulation or Modulation Instability.
2.17 Effect of Pulse Broadening on Bit Error Rate.
2.18 Four–Wave Mixing.
2.19 The Decibel Unit.
3 Optical Transmitters and Receivers.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 The Transmitter.
3.3 The Receiver.
3.4 Detection Techniques.
4 Overview of DWDM Devices and Networks.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Review of DWDM Components.
4.3 Interaction of Multiple Channels in Fiber.
4.4 Review of DWDM Networks.
5 Noise Sources Affecting the Optical Signal.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Transmission Factors.
5.3 Thermal Noise.
5.4 Shot Noise.
5.5 Flicker or 1/f Noise.
5.6 Other Noise Sources.
5.7 Temporal Parameters.
5.8 Linear, Nonlinear, and Other Effects.
5.9 Photodetector Responsivity and Noise Contributors.
6 Timing, Jitter, and Wander.
6.1 The Primary Reference Source.
6.2 The Phase–Lock Loop.
6.3 Bit, Frame and Payload Synchronization.
6.4 Synchronization Impairments.
6.5 Network Hierarchy.
6.6 Theoretical Foundation of Timing Error.
6.7 Traffic Probability and Signal Quality.
6.8 Jitter and Wander.
6.9 Wander.
7 Probability Theory of Bit Error Rate.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Bit Error Ratio and Bit Error Rate.
7.3 Definitions.
7.4 OSNR and Spectral Matching.
7.5 Carrier–to–Noise Ratio.
7.6 Shannon’s Limit.
7.7 Optical Signal–to–Noise Ratio.
7.8 Probability and Statistics 101.
7.9 Bit Error Probability.
7.1 0 Bit Error Contributors.
7.11 Bit Error Rate.
7.12 Optical Signal–to–Noise Ratio.
7.13 Channel Capacity and SNR.
7.14 The Quality or Q–Factor.
7.15 Bit Error Monitoring.
7.16 BER and Data Patterning.
7.17 BER and Eye Diagram.
7.18 Eye–Pattern Mask.
8 BER Statistical Measurements.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Sampling and Statistical Histograms.
8.3 Statistical Sampling for BER.
8.4 Estimating BER, Q–factor, and SNR.
8.5 The BER Circuit.
8.6 Performance of the BER Circuit.
8.7 Other Performance Metrics.
9 Error Detection and Correction Codes.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Code Interleaving.
9.3 Error Detection and Correction Strategies.
9.4 Summary.
Appendix A: Statistical Noise in Communications.
Appendix B: Exercises and Simulation Examples Contained in the CD–ROM.
Index.

Nota biograficzna:
STAMATIOS V. KARTALOPOULOS, PhD, is the Williams Professor in Telecommunications Networking in the telecommunications graduate program of the University of Oklahoma at Tulsa, where he conducts research and teaches advanced courses in optical communication networks and technology. The author of more than sixty scientific papers, six books, and numerous contributed chapters, Dr. Kartalopoulos has been awarded eighteen patents and has applied for three more in the field of optical communications and technology.

Okładka tylna:
A comprehensive, analytical approach to bit error rate estimation of transmitted signals
Few subjects are more crucial to the quality of service of DWDM optical communications systems and networks than bit error rate (BER) estimation. One of the world’s leading authorities on DWDM, Stamatios Kartalopoulos, offers this comprehensive treatment of an easy–to–follow approach to BER estimation.
Optical Bit Error Rate is an authoritative guide that describes the sources effecti ng the quality of optical signals. It lays the theoretical foundation on which signal quality and optical channel performance are estimated, monitored, and detected, and presents a cost–effective method for the automatic estimation of BER, Q–factor, and SNR, using integrated circuitry at the receiver. Among the key issues covered in this informative and thought–provoking reference are:Noise sources in the optical transmission mediumOptical transmitter and receiver noiseThe eye diagramErrored bits and the bit error rateError detection and correction methodologyBER statistical measurements
Complete with a companion CD–ROM, prepared by RSoft, using their latest simulation software OptSim™, and containing ten real–life exercises that cover a wide spectrum of link–layer problems including optical amplifiers, Optical Bit Error Rate is the definitive guide for communications engineers looking for detailed information on this critically important topic.